| Volltext: | INDEX Numerals in italics refer to illustrations. Abstract Expressionism 7,10,42,51, 64,73-5' 333-4' 409; see also Action Painting abstract painting 73-4,316,326,352, 406-7; see also abstraction in art; Action Painting; geometric abstraction; informel painting; painterly abstraction abstraction (philosophical) 15,43,46, 80-3,85-6,90,171,482 abstraction in art 10-11,49,65-6,74, 114,144,193,263,299,303,316-17, 329,33b 340,363,401,406-9,447, 465; see also abstract painting; geometric abstraction; informel painting; painterly abstraction АСА gallery, New York 340,405 Action Painting 334-57; see also Rosenberg, Harold Adamic, Louis 324 Adams, Ansel 266 Adirondack Club 194 Adler, Jankel 378 Adomian theory 7,25,34,36,43-7; seealso Adorno,TheodorW.; post-Adomian theory Adorno, TheodorW. 8,12,15,34-6, 43-6,51,60-1,64,74-5,94-5, 107-15,142-3,363,481,492, 494-500; aesthetics 143; concept of autonomy 113; Aesthetic Theory 34,46,494,495; Dialectic of Enlightenment 74,110; Entkunstung 12,494; In Search ofWagner 497; Minima Moralia 142; Was Spengler Right?' 110 Aesthetic Movement 248; seealso aestheticism; art for art's sake aesthetic subjectivity 253; seealso subjecthood, subjectivity aestheticism 32,94,95,97-9,142,189, 248; seealso Aesthetic Movement; art for art's sake aesthetics 7,9~ю, 14,19,34,36,38,64, 78,93-4,97-9,101-4,112-14,143,153, 195,247-9,255,293-4,316,318,329, 411-12,414,421,442-3,450-1,478, 481,489-90; critique of 7; Marx's concept of 7,78-93 Agassiz, Louis 194 Agee, James 453-7; Let Us Now Praise Famous Men 453-6,454; seealso Evans, Walker agency 9-11,15,32,71,75,180,236,239, 247,269,278,335,339,342,347,357, 401,412,417,439,441,479,492; see also social agency agitprop 283,449; seealso propaganda Alberti, Leon Battista 123 Aldine: The Art Journal of America 157 Alexander, Gertrud 10,283-93 Ali, Muhammad 48,63 alienation 7,36,42,44,74,86-90,92, 97, in, 123,125,227,263,338,404, 408,425,428,438-9,443 All Russian Academy of Arts 305 Allen, Grant 247-8 Allgemeinen Deutschen Gewerkschaftsbundes (Federal School of the German Trade Union Federation) 385 Alma-Tadema, Lawrence 194 Altdorfer,Albrecht TheBattleof Alexander 132 alterity 495; seealso Other,the Althusser, Louis 20-1,45,101,500-1; seealso Althusseriantheory; post- Althusserian theory Althusserian theory 21-4,34; see also Althusser, Louis; post-Althusserian theory American Artists'Congress 65,70, 232,316 American Artists' Congress Against War and Fascism 65,316 American Civil War 141-2,148,157,194 American Committee for the Defense of Leon Trotsky 70 American Federation of Labor (AFL) 322,324,329 American Fund for Public Service 296 American Labor Party 232 American Nervousness: Its Causes and Consequences 160-1 American Writers' Congress 339 An American Group, Inc. 324-5 anarchism, anarchists 101,211,255, 431-2,438-9 Anderson, Perry 23,64 Anderson, Sherwood 46 Annan, Thomas 188 Antal, Frederick 14,16-18,20,32,49 anti-aesthetic mode in art 448,456 anti-capitalism 7,39-40,43-6,94-6, 100,104,123,125,127,129,134,400, 496 anti-communism 52,233,241,322,324, 329,386,401 anti-dialecticalism 25 anti-fascism, anti-fascist 17,41,233, 313,341,406 anti-feminism 440,442 anti-Hegelianism 18 anti-historicism 18,34 anti-Marxism, anti-Marxist 23,25 anti-Semitism 124-5,134 279,369, 375-6,378 anti-socialism 407 anti-Stalinism 17,40,241-2,341 Apollinaire, Guillaume 344; ‘Merlin et la Vielle Femme' 344 applied arts 285,290 appropriation art 451,481-2 architecture 12,13,156,167,175,279, 291,351,383,386,388-91,461,497, 499 Arendt, Hannah 468 Armory Show, NewYork 66 Amaud, Noel 437 Arnold, Karl 374-5; ‘Berliner Bilder: Grenadierstrasse' 374 Amott, David 432 Art and Language 448 art as commodity 9,35,51,111,113-14, 206-8,210,213-14,218,220-1,479, 498 Art Association of Montreal 155 Art Bulletin 50 Art Deco 302 art for art's sake 7,65,67,94,248,333; see also aestheticism; Aesthetic Movement Art Front 73,309-10,316,326,328,330, ЗЗ9-40 Art History 20,58 art market 12,17,20,26,33,35,65,75, ИЗ-14,147,153 !56,210-11,220,296, 312,318,362—3,365,379,382,395, 458-76,499 Artforum 23,50 508 INDEX Artist's Fund Society 148 artists' groups 11,12,167,241,283,339, 401,406,415.421,432-7,442-3,483, 487-91,497-9 Artists'League of America 232 Artists'Union 73,309,316,321-2,339 AKTnavs 334,350,411 ARTnews Annual 49 Arts Magazine 58 Ashcan School 321 ASSO see Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler Deutschlands (ARBKD) Association of Art Historians (AAH) 20 Association of German Revolutionary Artists see Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler Deutschlands (ARBKD) Assoziation revolutionärer bildender Künstler Deutschlands (ARBKD) 283,294 Atget, Eugène 187 Atkins, Guy 433 Atkinson, Terry 21 Atlantic Monthly 161 Atwood, Margaret 151,167 Ault, George 45 aura (ofthe work of art) 104,113,452; seealso Benjamin, Walter autonomy, individual 67,236,241, 439,441 autonomyofart 12,16,35-6,43,46-7, 50-1,74-5,112-13, Hb 401,494-503; see also deartification autonomy of labour 232; seealso labour avant-garde, the 7,23,25,38,43,50, 52-3,58,60,63,65-6,70-1,73-4, 112-14,140,200,263,301,334,362-3, 365,376,378,408,421,434,436-7, 446,451,488; seealso neo-avant-garde, the; Russian avant-garde; Soviet avant-garde; vanguard, vanguardism Azzellini, Dario 488 Badiou, Alain 13 Bain, Alexander 247 Balázs, Béla 18 Ball, Hugo 125 Balzac, Honoré de 67,69,71,305 Bancroft,George 147 Banham, Reyner 497 Barbizon school 140,162 Bardot, Brigitte 427,428,432 Bard, Phil 311,313 Baroque, the 129 Barr, Alfred H. 65 Barrell, John 36 Barthes, Roland 21,189,446,452-3; CameraLucida 189,452 Basmachi (Tajik) 261,267,270,274-80 Bastien-Lepage, Jules 162 Baudelaire, Charles 67,198,211 Bauhaus 11,56,294,382-96 Baur, John 141-2 Baxandall,Lee 57 Becker, Maurice 307 Beckert, Sven 141 Beckmann, Max 49 Bedford, Hilkiah 174 Bek, Ibrahim 275,278 Bell, Clive 17 Bellows, Henry W. 147 Benjamin, Walter 8,18,21,24-5,32,48, 61,64,67,70,73,75- ИЗ-128-34,187. 292,382,468,480-1; Illuminations 48; "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction' 18, 32,73-u3; Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiel 129,131 Bensch, Hans-Georg 499 Berber, Anita 365 Berenson, Bernard 33 Bergdoll, Barry 395 Berger, John 20 Berliner Post 286 Bernstein, Eduard 94,97 Bernstein, Michèle 422-42; La Nuit 435; Tous les chevaux du rot 435 Biemann, Ursula 482 Bierstadt, Albert 140-1,145-6,148, 266; Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak 145- J46 Bird, Jon 22 Bishop, Raymond 239 Blackaby.Jem 197 Blake, William 140,223,239 Bloch, Ernst 8,96,98,125,128,134,483; Thomas Münzer as Theologian ofthe Revolution 125,128 Block 21-2,58 Blunt, Anthony 17 Bohr, Niels 412 Boime, Albert 54,56,101 Bolsheviks, Bolshevism 70,261,266, 270-1,274,311,389-90 Bonapartism 67-8 Bond, Anthony 460 Borchardt-Hume, Achim 474 Borzello, Frances 16 Botticelli, Sandro 130,286; Flora 286; Primavera 150 Bourdieu, Pierre 8,114,146-7 bourgeois art 198,286,294,313,317-18, 362,480,486,491 bourgeois art history 16,32-3 bourgeois culture 16,36,38-9,72,264, 28-4,286,299,305; seealso Erbe bourgeois humanism 32-4 Bourgeois Public Sphere 170-83 bourgeoisie 67,73-101,103,107-9,120, 122,124,141,143,147-9,283-4,287, 309-347-349 Bourke-White, Margaret 324 Bovenschen, Silvia 501 Bovey, W.T. 193,196 Brace, Emst 325 Brancusi, Constantin 301 Brandes, Stanley 214 Braque, Georges 60 Brecht, Bertolt 7,21,24-5,51, 64,70-1, 75,113,292,294,478,480-3; The Threepenny Opera 478; 'What Keeps Mankind Alive?' 478 Brechtian modes and theory 71,442, 479-80 Bredekamp, Horst 18 Brenner, Anita 311 Brenner, Robert 51,61 Breton, André 70,72 Breughel, Pieter the Elder 311 Bridges, Harry 324,325 British Journal of Photography 199 Brody, David 39 Brooke, S. R. 98 Brooke Alexander, New York 460 Brooklyn Law School 346 Brooks, Van Wyck 227 Browder, Earl 339 Brown, Don 307 Brown, NormanO. 56-7 Bryant, William Cullen 147 Bryan-Wilson, Julia 496 Buchloh, Benjamin H. D. 24-5,447, 480 Bunce, O.B. 158 Bund proletarisch-revolutionärer Schriftsteller (BPRS) 283,285 Burek, Jacob 300,307-8,313 Bürger, Peter 25,43,94,495; Theory of the Avant-Garde 94,495 Burgin, Victor 447-52,456 Burliuk, David 302 Bumham, James 336 Cacciari, Massimo 12 Cage, John 350 Cahill, Holger 327 ‘California Group' 57 California Institute of the Arts 51 Calvinism 117-18,120,123; seealso Protestantism Camden Arts Centre, London 464, 465,467 Cameron, Dan 460 Cameron, Julia Margaret 189 Campbell-Johnston, Rachel 471 Campendonk, Heinrich 365 Canadian Academy of Arts, Toronto 154-5,162 Canadian Spectator 155 canon in art 15,17,22,32-3,36,38,43, 47,114,189,363,365,373; critique of see counter-canon, leftist canon capital 39,58,60,62-3,73,89,91-2, 114,189,287,293,347,390,442-3, 479-80,482-3,499-502; seealso capitalism capitalism 7,8,12,15,17,22-3,25,36, 38-40,42-6,56-7,60,63,65,70, 72-5,94-7,100,104,108,113-14, 509 RENEW MARXIST ART HISTORY 117,119-20,122-9,134 152,207-n, 213-14,221,232,236,242,246,261, 263-4,286-7,296,300,303,305, 3!2-13,333,335-6,341,347-9,355-7, 390,400,404,407,415-16,442-3, 458,473-4,476,479-81,483-4, 495-502; see also capital; capitalist modes of production; consumer capitalism; industrial capitalism capitalist modes of production 7,347, 443,498,499 Carlyle,Thomas 117 Carnegie International, Pittsburgh 460 Carroll, Lewis 422,435 Carter, Jimmy 54,57-8 Casilear, John 147 Castello di Rivoli, Turin 461 Castoriadis, Cornelius 438 Catholic, Catholicism 117,119,124, 172,208,289,440; see also Catholic Church Catholic Church 289; see also Catholic, Catholicism Caucus for Marxism and Art 19-20 Caucus for Marxism and Art History see Caucus for Marxism and Art Cavalcaselle, G. B. 102-3 Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies, Birmingham (CCCS) 20-1,59 Centre Party (Germany) 391 Century Association, New York 147-8 Cervantes, Miguel de 67 Cézanne, Paul 49,478,485 Champfleury (Jules François Felix Fleury-Husson) 68 Chareau, Pierre 350 Charles II, King of England 172,175-7 Charles, Matthew 96 Chase, William Merritt 140 Chaucer, Geoffrey 223 Chellis, Mary Dwinell 156 Chernyshevsky, Nikolai 488,489 Chemii, N. К. 193-6 Chicago Daily Tribune 321-3 Christian Democracy party (Italy) 18,402 Christianity 81-2,124-6; see also Calvinism; Catholic, Catholicism; Catholic Church; Protestantism ChtoDelat 12,483,488-90; Builders 489; ‘Declarations on Politics, Knowledge and Art' 483; Partisan Songspiel: A Belgrade Story 488,489 Church, Frederic 140-1,145-6,148; Heart of the Andes 145,146 Cicero 107 Clark Art Institute, Williamstown 54 Clark, Kenneth 20 Clark, T. J. 7,14-16,19-23,48,50-4, 56-8,60-1,64-5,69,101; Image of the People 50; ‘On the Social History of Art' 16; The Absolute Bourgeois 50; The Painting of Modem Life 61 class, classes 8,16,18-19,21-2,39, 51-2,55,59,67,69,7L 92,95,101, 113,141-3,147-8,152-3,170-1,174, 189-90,192,197,202,293-4,299, 309,312,318,335,339,342,345-8,363, З71,374,386,396,439,441,456,484 class consciousness 36,39,143,198, 317,347-8,363 class cooperation 338 class formation 55,143,147,207,209, 347-8 class identity 143,148,348 class politics 39,68,188 class relations 8,17,22,36,113,142-3, 264,274,299,347,414 class solidarity 328 class struggle 55,67,113,142,264,274, 294,299,305,336, ЗЗ8,345-7 class war 274,347,438,442 Clausen, George 162 Clayson, Holly 51 Clunas, Craig 14,25 COBRA 401,433,438 Cocking, Edwin 193 Coffee, John 321 Cohen, Phil 59 ColdWar 9,14,18,20,41,52,73,141, 233,351,383,400 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 96,105,181 Cole, Thomas 140-1,148 collectivism 9,20,42,105,134,208,221, 224,226,232,235,237-9,241-2,249, 254.260- 1,266,269,274-5,279,342, 344-5,347-8,384,396,407,435-6, 441- 3,463-4,468,479,490,498 collectivization 104,261,270-1,274-5, 277 College Art Association (CAA) 19 Columbia University, New York 49, 69,368,374-5 Comintern (Communist International) 10,298-9,303,308, 317,329,338,341,353 Commissariat for Enlightment (Soviet) 291 Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) 321-3,325 commodity aesthetics 113-14,207,421, 442- 3,479,498 commodity culture 25,53,59,60,208, 248,499 commodity exchange 171 commodity fetishism 9,11,206 commodity-form 35,46,111,113-14, 207,428,442,479 commodity-image 421 commodity, the 9,171,499 communism, communists 9-10,12, 17,40-1,43,51,69,89,92,101,232-3, 247.260- 1,264,267,270,284-7,289, 299-301,303,305,308-9,313,316-18, 322-6,340,342,363,376,385,388-91, 393,400,402,404,406,411,417, 438-40,496,500; in France 24,440; in Germany 284,376,385,388-91, 393; in Italy 402,403,404,5°°;in the Soviet Union 40,233,340,342, 391; in the US 40,51,69,299,3o1' 303,308,323,340,400,496; seealso Communist Party communist art, communist aesthetics 41,261,300,309,406 communist cultural theory 299-300, 317 communist culture 270,299,305 Communist Party 317,340,342, 347,404,408; seealso individual national parties Communist Party (France) 24 Communist Party (Germany) 283-5, 288-90,293-4,347,362,385,387-8, 392 Communist Party (Italy) 347,403,406 Communist Party (Soviet Union) 40,69-70,260,267,269,275,298, 347 Communist Party (US) 10,14,40,64, 69- 7°, 296,324-6,329-3°, ЗЗ8-40, 400 communist politics 12,316,376,496 communist propaganda 10,390 conceptual art, conceptual artists 34, 38,192,200,447-5°, 456,480,498 Congress of Industrial Organizations see Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO) connoisseurship 33-4,146,147 consciousness 36,39,45,55,63,65-6, 68,81-97, in, 120,132,227,236, 241,247,264,269-70,284,292, 317,343-4,347-9,352,354,415,43°, 442,451,454,496,500; abstract consciousness 81-2,85; class consciousness 36,39,317; critique of 85,90; ‘genus-consciousness' 81-2; labour of 88-9,91-2; political consciousness 430,442; proletarian consciousness 264,270,292; revolutionary consciousness 343, 347- 8; self-consciousness 45,87, 348- 9; sensuous consciousness 82, 85-6,90 Constable, John 36-7,162 Constructivism 34,263,296,301, 303-4,438 consumer culture, consumerism 11,67, 113,214,228,404,428,497,499; see also consumption consumption 91, no, 152-3,207,220-1, 248,443,455,458,466,476,499,501, 503; seealso consumer culture, consumerism contemporary art 11,24,39,73,458-76, 478-92,495-6,503 continental philosophy 18,20,22 Cook, Clarence 140,148-9 Coplans, John 23 Cotman, John Sell 37 510 INDEX Coughtry, Graham 151 counter-canon, leftist canon 33,36,38, 43,189; see also canon in art Courbet, Gustave 50,52-3,56,64, 67-9,73. 75. 140,309; A Burial at Omans $2, 53; see also Realism Courtauld Institute of Art, London 18 Couture, Thomas 54-5; Romans of the Decadence 54; The Enrolment of the Volunteers of 1792 54,55 Cozzens, Abraham M. 147 CPSU see Communist Party (Soviet Union) CPUSA see Communist Party (US) Crane, Walter 251 Craven, David 71,74 Crawford, Isabella Valancy 164 Crawford, Ralston 45 Crayon 146,148,194 Crispi, Francesco 194 critical realism 455,480,481,482,484, 486-7,486,491 critical theorists, critical theory 8, 12,15,19,25,35,48,125; see also Frankfurt School critique of culture 8,108-9,114,443; see also Adorno, Theodor W. Croughton, George 193 Crowe, J. A, 102-3 Crow, Thomas 51-2,54,56,58-60, 64-5,67,73; ‘Modernism and Mass Culture in the Visual Arts' 59 Cubism 65,71,277,301-3,305,311-12, 3*9.326,340,353 ‘Cubism and Abstract Art' (MoMA) 65,340 ‘cultural front' 38-43; see also New Deal culture industry 25,57,60,111, 113-14,479,494; seealso Adorno, TheodorW. Curtis, George William 147 Dada,Dadaism 34,49,284,286-91,350, 353 3б3.3б7.413-438,488 Daily Worker 308,326,410 Dal Co, Francesco 12 Dali, Salvador 340 Dalia Costa, Mariarosa 501-2 Danto, Arthur 114 Darwin, Charles 253,254,255 Daumier, Honoré 69,301,309,311 David, Jacques-Louis 56,58-9; Oath of theHoratii 56 Daws, Stuart 10,316-31; Art to the people-getpink slips 320-1,320; Composition 318-19,318; Daily Tribune and CIO 321-3,322; The Terminal 327-8,328; Waterfront Demonstration 323-4,323,326, 329-30 Day, Gail 24 Dean, James 428 deartification 12,494-503 de Beauvoir, Simone 440-1 Debord, Guy 60,412,435-8; The Society of the Spectacle 436; seealso Situationism,Situationists; society of the spectacle, the; spectacle, the de Chirico, Giorgio 409 de Gaulle, Charles 53 ‘Degenerate Art' 382,392 Dehn, Adolf 301,309 De Jong, Jacqueline 434,436-7.439 Deleuze, Gilles 24,247 De Michelis, Marco 12 Denning, Michael 39,41 Dennison, Mariea Caudill 320 Depression, the Great 69,167,263-4, 308,312,316,325,336,338,342, 385,453 Der Gegner 284,287-8 dérives 435; see also détournements; Situationism, Situationists Derrida, Jacques 23-4 Descartes, René 181,436 design theory 21 desublimation 56-7,431,434 détournements 11,53,420-2,421,422, 423,424,425,427-33,427,429,430, 433,435-6,442-3; seealso dérives; Situationism, Situationists Dewey, John 70,327; Art as Experience 327 dialectical art history 16,24,35-8,41, 43,46 dialectical criticism 25,46,111,484 dialectical materialism 54,75,289, 293,412 dialectics 11,16,24-5,35-8,41,43,46, 54,75,87,98,111,189,198,235,283, 289,293,335,343,355-6,412,456, 482-4,491 Diamond, Dr Hugh 188 Dickens, Charles 67 Dickerman, Leah 395 Dickie, George 114 Die Arbeit 288,292 Die Gleichheit 285 Die Linkskurve 10,283,300 Die Neue Zeit 17,94 DieRoteFahne 10,283-90,293,362, 387-8 Dijkstra, Bram 57 Dine, Jim 497 Dior, Christian 426 Discoteca Flaming Star 503 discourse 8,12,14,95,108,125,171, 229,240,368,375,-6,446-9,459, 471-2,481 Dix, Otto 10,362-81; Altar for Cavaliers 367,376; Dr Fritz Glaser and Martha Dix playing music 369; DrSimonsin Half Figure 366; Jewish Cemetery in Randegg in the Winter 376; Portraitof the Art Dealer Alfred Flechtheim 376, 377; Portrait of the Lawyer Dr Fritz Glaser 370; Portrait of the Lawyer Hugo Simons 362-79,364; Prager Strasse 376; The Barricade 367; The Lawyer Dr Fritz Glaserand his Family 370,371; The Matchseller I 367; War portfolio 363 Döblin, Alfred 51 Documenta, Kassel 464-7,466 documentary photography 187-203, 191,200,201,202,452-3,454,45S, 455-6,480-1,481,486,486; seealso photo-document; photo-essay; photoj oumalism Dondero, George A. 352 Dostoevesky, Fyodor 104,346; The Brothers Karamazov 346 Downtown Gallery, New York 322 Dresser, Christopher 251 Driscoll, John Paul 148 Dubuffet, Jean 411-12 Duchen, Claire 440 Duggar, Ben 240 Dumsday, Albert 196 Duncan, Carol 4,19,49-51; ‘Happy Mothers and Other New Ideas inFrenchArt' 50; Under Wraps (Bust of Lenin) 2,4; Virility and Domination in Twentieth-Century Vanguard Painting* 50 Durand.AsherB. 140,142,147-8 Dürer, Albrecht 124,372-5; Circumcision of Christ 372; Jesus Among the Doctors 373 Durth, Werner 382-3 Duveneck, Frank 140 Dziga Vertov Group 21 Earl ofHardwicke, Philip Yorke 180 Earl of Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper 175 Eastman, George 199 Eastman, Max 241-2,298 Economist 451 Edgar, Adrienne 267 Ehrlich, Carol 439 Einstein, Carl 362 Eisenstein, Sergei 429,482,488 Ellmparcial 210 Elistratova, Anne 264,300,303-4, 308,312 Elie 422-4,426 Ellis, Fred 300,309 El Lissitzky 388 Emerson, P.H. 199 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 194 Engels, Friedrich 94,305,343.483; The German Ideology 84-5,363 England, William 193 Enlightenment 8,43,74,108,110,152, 171.2.2.7 Entkunstung see deartification epic modernism (Schapiro) 71-2; seealso modem art; modernism; Rivera, Diego 511 RENEW MARXIST ART HISTORY epic realism (Lukács) 7,71-2 epic theatre (Brecht) 7,71; see also modernism Épinai, images d' 52,53 Erbe 283-5,287,291,294 Ernst, Jimmy 49 Ertl, Fritz 395; Plan of the Auschwitz- Birchenau Concentration Camp 395 estrangement 79-80,87,89,442 Etching Revival 156 Evans, Jessica 451 Evans,Walker 453-4,456-7; Floyd Burroughs 454; Let Us Now Praise Famous Men 453-6 Evergood, Philip 69,400,404-5, 407-11,417; Music 405 exchange, principle of 33,35,88,111, 171,208,495,497-8,501 exchange-value 35,111,208,497 existentialism 334,407 expressionism 125,301,310-11,313, 340,375,407 Fahnders, Walter 285 false consciousness 65-6,496 Farocki, Harun 482 fascism 10,17,41,65,69,110,113,224, 233,236,313,326-7,329-31,338-9, 341,344,383-4,394,402-3,406-7, 416,426,432 Fauvism 50 Federal Art Project (FAP) 319-21,327, ЗЗ9-40 Federal Bureau of Investigation 62 Federici, Silvia 501 feminism, feminists 11-12,16,22,34,50, 58,189,433-4,437,440,442-3,5G1-2; see also women's movement, the feminist art history 16,22,50,58,501 feminist historical materialism 22 fetish, fetishization 9,11,51,68,71,112, 208,264,292,303,363,421,482 Feuchtwanger, Lion 51 Feuerbach, Ludwig 7,78-86,89-90, 92-3,347; Principles of the Philosophy oftheFuture 80,82; The Essence of Christianity 81-2 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb 98 Fielding, Henry 181 Fiene, Ernest 299 figuration, figurative art 11,114,193, 263,302-3,311,316-17,400-2,404, 407-9,411,487 film and film theory 18,20-4,43,279, 288,292,428-9,448,480,482,489 First International Congress ofWriters for the Defense of Culture 339 First World War 52,167,218,240,330, 353,363 Fisher, Mark 63 Fish, Hamilton 147 Fitzgerald, F. Scott 228 Flechtheim, Alfred 365,376,377,378-9 Foote, G.W. 95 Forain, Jean-Louis 311 Fordism 73,498,499-502 formalism 25,32,66,68,71,121,263, 292-3,303,316,318,352,401,409, 411; see also Russian Formalism Forster, Kurt 20 Fortnightly Review 102,104 Foster, Hal 24-5 Foucault, Michel 23-4,188-9,255 Fougeron, André 400,402 Fourier, Charles 420 Fourth International 341-2 Fox Talbot, William Henry 189 Frankfurt School 7,19,48,61,73,142; see also critical theorists, critical theory Frankfurter Hefte 110 Frank, Waldo 339 Frascina, Francis 74 Freedberg, Sidney 58 Freee 12,490-1; Protest is Beautiful 490 French Communist Party see Communist Party (France) French Resistance 423 French Revolution 58,353 Freud, Sigmund 56,109,368 Freudian narrative 229,230 Freund, Gisèle 187 Freyberg, Alfred 392 Frick, Wilhelm 386,389,391 Fridericianum Museum, Kassel 467 Fried, Michael 9,189,200 Fronte Nuovo 406 Frost, Robert 223 Frost, Thomas 197 Frye, Northrop 151,167 Fry, Roger 17 Fuchs, Eduard 368-9,374-5; Die Juden in der Karikatur 368,374,37$ Futurism 303 Gagnier, Regenia 248 Gainsborough, Thomas 36 Gardner, Fred 299 Gattungswesen 80-3 Gauguin, Paul 309 Gayer, Sir Robert 173 Gazetta Callejera 208 Gellert, Hugo 297,300-2,305 geometric abstraction 407; see also abstract painting; abstraction in art German Communist Party see Communist Party (Germany) German Democratic Party (DDP) 391-2 German Expressionism 50,52,69, 3O3 333 German People's Party (DVP) 385 Gernsheim, Helmut 187,189 Gerstle, Gary 39 Gestapo 392 gestural painting 7,10,74,316; see also informel painting; painterly abstraction Getty Research Institute 10 Gifford, Sanford Robinson 141-2 Gilman, Sander 367-8 Giorgione 97 Giotto 407 Glaser, Fritz 369.370,371,379 Globe (Toronto) 155 Glob,P.V. 437 Godard, Jean-Luc 21,480 Goebbels, Joseph 386 Goethe,JohannWolfgangvon 67, 100,123 Gogh, Vincent van 285,309,340 Gold, Michael 296,298-301,308,313; Jews Without Money 308 Golub, Leon 467 Gombin, Richard 438 Gombrich, Ernst 18,32 Good Housekeeping 161 Gorin, Jean-Pierre 21,480 Gorky, Maxim 223 Gorsen, Peter 495 Gosse, Edmund 104 Gothic, the 121-2,289-90 Goupil Gallery, London 162 Goya, Francisco de 17,309,311 Grable, Bett}' 426 Gramsci, Antonio 20,34,403 Graphic 188 Greeley, Horace 140 Greenberg, Clement 15,41,57,59,114, 333; ‘Avant-Garde and Kitsch' 41; Greenbergian criticism 15,411,449 Green, David 188 Gropius, Walter 383,385.389-91 Cropper, William 299-301,307-11,313, 340; East Side 308; HungerMarch 308; JointheMaroons 309; Ladies, It Gives Me Great Pleasure 309; The Dishwasher 307,308,310; Toward a Classless Society 309 Grosz, George 284,286-7,294,301, 309-10,376,387-8; ‘Prost Noske! The Young Revolution is Dead' 309; ‘The Art Scoundrel' (Der Kunstlump') 284,286 Group of Seven 167 Gruppe Spur 401,436-7 Guattari, Félix 247 Guilbaut, Serge 51-2,64-5; How New York Stole the Idea of Modem Art 51 Guttuso, Renato 11,400-11,417; ‘Concrete communication and concrete images' 408; Newspaper Mural -May'68 403; Occupation of Uncultivated Lands in Sicily 402,403; The Beach 404,405,410; Togliatti's Funeral 403 Gyles, Fletcher 180 Haacke, Hans 448 Habermas, Jiirgen 8,170-1,174-5; public sphere, concept of 8,41,67, 101; see also Bourgeois Public Sphere 512 INDEX Hadjinicolaou, Nicos 12 Hahmann, Werner 375 Hale, Katherine 155 Hale, Matthew 180 Hall, Stuart 20,59 Hamilton, George Heard 49,54 Hamilton, Richard 497 handicraft 289,290 Handwerk see handicraft happenings 347-8,497-8 Harbin, George 174 Harden, Sylvia von 365 Hardt, Michael 9,13,246-8,255; Empire 9; see also Negri, Antonio Harris, Ann Sutherland 49,54 Harrison, Margaret 502 Hartley, Marsden 240 Harvard University 58 Harvey, David 498,500 hashar 260-80 Haug, Wolfgang 421 Hauptmann, Elizabeth 478 Hauser,Arnold 14,16,18,20-1,32,34, 43-5,49; Hauserian art history 45, 46; The Philosophy of Art History 18, 32; The Social History of Art 18 Hawarden, Clementina 189 Hays,H.R. 337 Heade.MartinJohnson 141,142 Heartfield, John 284,286,287, 294; ‘The Art Scoundrel' (Der Kunstlump) 284,286 Hebdige, Dick 59 Hedditch, Emma 503 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 55, 72,79,82-93,107,293,343,355,479; Elements of the Philosophy of Right 88; Philosophy of Right 87-8,92; The Phenomenology of Spirit 86,88 Hegelianism 21,72,79-80,89,113,236, 283,483 Heim, Jacques 426 Held, John 228 Held, Julius 54 Held, Jutta 18,384 Heller, Joseph 48 Hemingway,Andrew 6,7,13-14,19-21, 23,36-47,37,65,69,75,94,152,260, 263,298,362,383-4,396,400,495-7, 500,503; Artists on the Left 41-3, 400; Landscape Imagery and Urban Culture in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain 152-3; Marxism and the History of Art 14; The Mysticism of Money 45 Henderson, Nigel 497 Hennis, Wilhelm 120 Herder, Johann Gottfried von 107 Hernandez, William 308 Herzfelde,Wieland 284,286-8 Hesse, Fritz 385 Hesse, Julius 378 Heuss, Theodor 285,292 Hext, Kate 98 Hilbersheimer, Ludwig 392 Hills, Patricia 19 Hinz, Berthold 18,384 Histoire et critique des arts 12 historical materialism 22,24,55,66, 288-92,294 Historical Materialism (group) 13 Historical School of Political Economy, German 122,125 historicism 16,17,32,35,44,109,121, 373,384; see also anti-historicism Hitler, Adolf 110,224,235-6,324,353, 382-93; Mein Kampf 386 Hobbes, Thomas 108,181 Hoe, Robert 147 Hoffmann, Justin 496 Hogarth, William 17,227 Holocaust, the 74 Homer, Winslow 159,321; The Old Mill (The Morning Belt) 159 homosexuality 7,97,104 Horkheimer, Max 51,74,75,110,111; Dialectic of Enlightenment 74,110; see also Adorno, Theodor W. Ho wat, John 148 Hudson River School 8,140-2,144,145, 146,149,153 Huelsenbeck, Richard 350 Hughes,John 178 Huillet, Daniele 480 Hungarian Soviet Republic 18 hybrid form, hybrid medium (in art) 11,446-7,449,456 iconography 9,113,207,210,212-13,215, 218,221,277, ЗОЗ, 307,320,327,329 idealism 7,42,82,84-5,87,121,453,483 identity politics 449 ideology 41,46,55-6,67,113,142, 189,192-3,197,211,236,247,293, З17,334,343,345,363,365,376, 384.388,395,407,438.448,456, 494-7,499-500,503; aesthetic ideology 41,113,363,456; anti- Semitic ideology 376; avant-garde ideology 334; bourgeois ideology 197; communist ideology 41; liberal ideology 334; Nazi ideology 384,388; photographic ideology 193; political ideology 67,384; revolutionary ideology 407,438 image-text 446-56,482 Impressionism 59,64,66-8,101 Independent Group 497-9 indexicality 451 individualism 9,65,235-6,239-40,318, 342,344 industrial capitalism 108,210 industrial production, industrialization 21,46,72,74, 99-100,108-9,123,158,160,163,211, 224,235-6,247,271,303,355,388, 390,456,497,498-9,502 Industrial Revolution 234,347 Industrial Workers of the World 232 informal abstraction see informel painting informel painting 401-10,413,416 Inness, George 158 Innis, Harold 151,167 Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton 58 Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston 460 instrumentalization of art 323,453-4 interdisciplinarity 43,447,449 International Brigades 329 International Bureau of Revolutionary Artists (IBRA) 309 International Bureau of Revolutionary Literature 264 International Congress of Modem Architecture (CIAM) 390-1 International Federation of Revolutionary Writers 341 International Literature 264,266,277, 300,305,309,312 International Longshoremen and Warehousemens' Union 325 International Longshoremen's Association (ILA) 324,325 International Union of Revolutionary Writers 260,264,300,301,305,338 International Workers Order 232 Internationale Jugend Bibliothek 289,291 Internationale situationniste 11,420-35, 421,422,423,424,425,427,429,430, 433,437; see also Situationism, Situationists internationalism 246-7,343,345,347, 352,389 intertextuality 451 intransitivity 491 Ionesco, Eugène 468 Istanbul Biennial 461,478 Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia see Venice School of architecture Italian Communist Party see Communist Party (Italy) Italian Workers'Club 324 Ivanov, Eugene 432 Jacobsen, Ame 433 Jacoby, Russell 51,62 Jäger, Lorenz 110 James II, King of England 172,177-8 James, C. L. R. 9,224-42; Mariners, Renegades, and Castaways 224,235 James, Selma 501 James, William 96,193 Jameson, Fredric 24,57,62,72,75, 96,484 Jarves, James Jackson 142 Jasieński, Bruno 260 Jay, Martin 62 Jews, Jewishness 48,82,118-19,124, 279,308,362-79.386,388-9 513 RENEW MARXIST ART HISTORY John Reed Clubs 264,300,311,313, 33° 338-9 J opting, Jay 473 Jom,Asger 11,401,407,410-17,420, 433,436-7; Ausverkauf einer Seele 416; Dead Drunk Danes 413,414; Luck and Chance 412; Stalingrad, le non lieu ou le fou rire du courage 416,417 Joumalof Arts and Sciences 195 Jung, Cari 368 Kainen, Jacob 309,326,330 Kalatosov, Mikhail 279 Kampfbund fur Deutsche Kultur 389 Kandinsky, Wassily 392 Kant, Immanuel 83,171,390 Kaprów, Allan 497-8 Kassler, Jamie С. 181-2 Kassymbekova, Botakoz 274-5 Kautsky, Karl 17,285 Keeler, Christine 432,433 Kelly, Grace 428 Kelly, Mary 502 Kemeny, Alfred 293-4 Kemp, Marianne 267 Kennett, White 170,176,177,178,179, 181; AComplete History of England 170,176,178,180,181 Kensett, John F. 8,140-9; Long Neck Pointfrom Contentment Island, Darien, Connecticut 143,144-6 Kent, Rockwell 9,223-42; Moby Dick 225,228,229,230,231,237,238; NbyE 233 Kessler, Count Harry 284 Khodsaiev.lsai 266 Kierkegaard, Sören 355,479 Kinsman, Robert D. 49,54 Kirschner, Anja 503 Kisch, Egon Erwin 260,272,274 Kissinger, Henry 48 kitsch 41,57,382 Kittredge, William 224,226 Kladderadatsch 375 Klee, Paul 49,365,392,395 Klein, Isidore 309 Klein, Jerome 308,326 Klingender, Francis 14,16,17,32,49 Kolski, Gan 312 Kommunistiche Partei Deutschlands (KPD) see Communist Party (Germany) Kossuth, Lajos 194 Kozloff.Max 23 Kracauer, Siegfried 8,131,132,292 Kraftwerk 15 Krauss, Rosalind 23 Kritische Berichte 18 Kruckman, Herb 310,311; ‘After All, It is a Case of the Survival of the Fittest' 310,311 Kruger, Barbara 449,450; Untitled:‘I Shop Therefore I Am' 449,450 Krutik, Mikhail 489 Kuhne, Frank 499 Kunitz, Joshua 260,264-7,269-70, 273-4,280,300; Dawn Over Samarkand 280; ‘New Women in Old Asia' 267,269,270; ‘Red Roads in Central Asia' 265; ‘Soviet Asia Sings' 266; ‘Soviet Tadjikistan' 266,269 Kunstgewerbebewegung see applied arts Kunstlump controversy (Heartfield and Grosz) 284,286 Kunstwollen 121-2 Kunzle, David 19,51; The History of the Comic Strip 51 Kwait,John(MeyerSchapiro) 308 labour 9,12,19,39,59,70,74,84,86-9, 91-2,111-12,152,158,160,180,192-3, 196-8,202-3,232-3,235,239,246-7, 255,289-92,302-4,307,324,330, 336,347,349,423,436,438,443,447, 455-6,485,494,496-503; abstract labour 88-9,92; alienated labour 88-9; artistic labour 12,192,196,455, 494,496-7,499,503; autonomy of 232; collective labour 239; Hegel's theoryof 86-8; iconography of 9; images of 302,304,306,307,330, 455,481; industrial labour 247,456, 499; intellectual labour 19,198, 497; labour of consciousness 88, 89,91,92; labour politics 39,232; manual labour 193,195-8,203,208; Marx's theory of 88-9,92,289,290, 292,485; mechanized labour 239; mental labour 84,87,193,203,498, 500,502; productive labour 255, 496; reproductive labour 501-2; unproductive labour 494,496,499, 501-2; wage labour 88-9,349 Lacan, Jacques 21,24 Lacanian psychoanalysis 21,34 Ladies' Home Journal 161 Lakeside Press 224,239 landscape art 8,14,36,140-9,143,144, 145,146,151-67,154,1S7,159,164, 16s, 200,266,321 Lane, Fitz Henry 141,142 language in art 446-57; see also textuality La Révolution surréaliste 437 l'art pour l'art see art for art's sake La Thangue, Henry Herbert 162 Laubier, Claire 428 Lavin, Irving 58 Lawrence, D. H. 227 League of American Writers 339 League of Nations 275 Le Clerc, Jean 175,176 Le Corbusier 49,390,391 Lefebvre, Henri 49 Left Front of Art (LEF) 300,301 leftism 11,35,38,40-1,43-4,50,65,264, 279,283,287,293-4,299, ЗЮ, З16-17, 324,326,328,334,339,363,385,400, 438,440; leftist art 296-313,316-31; leftist art history 35,65,328; leftist canon see counter-canon countercanon, leftist canon; leftist critics 50,317,326 Léger, Fernand 340 Lely, Sir Peter 173 LeMonde 431 Le Neve-Foster, Peter 196 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 2,4,71-2,271-2, 283,297,300,303,305,349,403-4, 489 Leninism 301,439 Le Nouëne, Patrick 12 Les Jeunes Femmes 440 L'Esprit Nouveau 49,390 Le Sueur, Meridel 32 Lettrist International 434 Levenson, Michael 97,102 Levi, Carlo 406 L'Humanité 260 liberalism 34,40,45,52,300,321,330, 334,339,342,352,375,400 Libération 436 Liberator 296,298,301,306 Liebermann, Max 388 Lifshitz, Mikhail 50 Limbach, Russell 313 Lindell, Kata 434 Linkman, Audrey 190,192 Literature of the World Revolution 264, 300,303,305 Liuhn, Otto 260 Liverpool Biennial 460 Locke, John 174,175,176; Treatises on Government 174 Longo, Robert 58 Los Angeles Black Panther Party 62 Losurdo, Dominic 103 Lowenthal, Leo 61 Löwy, Michael 96 Lozowick, Louis 9,45,260-80,299, 302-4,310-13; Airport, Tajikistan 272; American Geometry 299; ‘Art in the Service of the Proletariat' 264; At the Gates of the Pamir 265; Border Guards 276,277; Collective Farmer 273,274; Decorations 302, 303; ‘Hazardous Sport in Tajikistan' 278; ‘Machine Ornament' 274; Pioneers on Way to School, Tajikistan 270; Red Tea House, Tajikistan 270, 271; Tanks #2 262; Voices of October 303; Woman in Veil, Tajikistan 269; Woman Unveiled, Tajikistan 268,269 lubok 305 Lukács, Georg 7,12,18,44,46,64-5, 67-72,75,104, in, 114,125-7,130, 198,478-92; History and Class Consciousness 72,198,487; ‘In Search of Bourgeois Man' 486; ‘Realism in the Balance' 483-4; ‘Reification 514 INDEX and the Consciousness of the Proletariat' 484; ‘The Ideology of Modernism7 492; ‘The Marxism of Rosa Luxemburg7 484; The Theory oftheNovél 72,483-4,491; ‘Whatis Orthodox Marxism?' 484 Lukacsian theory, Lukacsian aesthetics 7,44,46,67-9,111,478-81,485 Luminism 8,140-3 Lunacharsky, Anatoly 291,309 Luther, Martin 121,124-6,128 Luxemburg, Rosa 390,440,485 Mabb, David 4; Liubov Popova Untitled Textile Design on William Morris Garden Tulip Wallpaper for Historical Materialism 4 Macdonald, Dwight 72 MacDonald, Wilson Pugsley 156 Macherey, Pierre 21 machine art, machine aesthetic 264, 274,286 Magazine of Art 325 magic realism 263 Magii, A. B. 300 Magoon, Elias 147 Mahler, Gustav 375 Mail (Toronto) 165 Maksum, Fuzail 267,275 Mandel, Ernest 51 Manet, Edouard 61,140,447; Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe 447; Olympia 22,61 Mangravite.Peppino 232 Manilla, Manuel 209,215,221 Mannheim, Karl 122 Mann, Thomas 341,486-7,491 Mansell, Gregory J. 267 Mareks, Gerhard 49 Marcuse, Herbert 48,54,56-8,61,431, 496-7; Eros and Civilization 48; One Dimensional Man 56 Marcus, Greil 431 Marie Claire 422,424,440 Marine Workers'Committee (US) 324 market, the 33,35,38-9,59,75,114, 208,210-11,382,395; see also commodity, the; consumer capitalism; art market; market economy market economy 483 Markulanova, Khoziat 267 Marquand, Henry 147 Marquardt, Virginia Hagelstein 263 Marsh, Reginald 307,312; Pneumatic Drill 312 Marshall Plan 428 Märten, Lu 9,10,283-94; Die wirtschaftliche Lage der Künstler 285; Historical Materialism with Regard to the Substance and Transformation of the Arts 288; ‘Historical Materialism with Regard to the Substance and Transformation of the Arts: A Pragmatic Introduction' 289; ‘History, Satire, Dada and other things' 286; ‘Kunst, Klasse und Sozialismus' 285; ‘Kunst und historischer Materialismus' 290; ‘Kunst und Proletariat' 293; ‘Maschine und Diktatur' 290; ‘On the Necessity for a Proletarian Theatre and the Proletarian Theatre' 288; ‘The Revolutionary Press and the Feuilleton' 288; Wesen und Veränderung der Formen und Künste: Resultate historischmaterialistischer Untersuchungen 291-З Martin, J.V. 432-3,436 Marx, Karl 7,13,17,21,50,53-6,67, 78-93,101,111,123,246,248,288-92, 305.310,333,342-3,345-50,355-6, 363,396,438,483-5; A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy 17; Capital 347; concept of aesthetics 7,78-93; Critique of Political Economy 17,55; ‘Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts' 78-82,86,88,92; Grundrisse 21; ‘Introduction to a Critique of Political Economy717; theory of alienation 111; TheCivilWarin France 348; The Class Struggles in France 67,348; The Communist Manifesto 54,70,72,349; The Difference between the Democritean and Epicurean Philosophy of Nature 333; The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 21,67,345,348,355; The German Ideology 84-5,363; theory of labour 88-9,92,289,290,292, 485; ‘Theses on Feuerbach' 7, 78-82,85,92-3 Marxism, Marxists 6,9-11,13-15,17, 19-24,26,33,36,44,56,64,75,188, 197,290,301,309,316-17,333,342, 356,362,384,391,408,479,484,495; orthodox Marxism 36,63; see also anti-Marxism; neo-Marxism Marxism and the Visual Arts Now (MAVAN) 6 Marxist aesthetics 10,36,78-93,283, 285,287-89,291,293,295 Marxist art historians 14,16,19-21,32, 34,36,64,396,495 Marxist art history 7,8,13-14,16-26, 32,45,49,51.363,384,396; see also leftism: leftist art history'; Marxist art historians; radical art history Marxist politics 334,340,342,414 Marxist Quarterly 65,71 Marxistische-Arbeiter-Schule 294 mass culture 35,38,42,60,74,228,319, 494,497-9 mass media 73,74,288,434,449 Masses 296,298,301,306-7; see also New Masses material relations 236 materialism 6,7,10,15,22,24,35,54-5, 63,66,69,75,79,82,84,153,160, 251,285,288-94,329,347,362,384, 395-6,401,408,411-12,417,482 materialist aesthetics 294,401 materialist realism 408 materiality (in art) 11,207,400,407, 409-13,415,417,482,501 materiality (of the world) 413,482 Matulka, Jan 302,303 Maudsley, Henry 247 May, Ernst 388,390 May 1968, events of 7,14-16,22-4,53, 114,403,415,440 Mayhew, Henry 189 McCarthy, Joseph 232,241 McCarthyism 10,66,73-4,232,241 McLachlan,Alexander 164 means of production see production: means of production medium-specificity 447-8,450,452-3 Mehring, Franz 67,283-7,294 Meidner, Ludwig 375 Melanchthon, Phillip 124-5,133 Melót, Michel 12 Melville, Herman 9,223-39; Moby Dick 9,223-42,225,228,229,230, 231,237,238 Menorah Journal 279 Merewether, Charles 460 Meseck, Felix 368-9; Joseph and Potipharis Wife 368,369 Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York 54,145-9 Metz, Christian 448 Meunier, Karolin 503 Mexican muralism 37; see also Rivera, Diego Mexican Revolution 206-7,209 Meyer, Hannes 7,14,49.64,240,294, 308,328,385,38-91 Michelangelo 390 Michelson, Annette 23 middle class, the 18,50,68,152-3,202, 335,362,371,386 Miéville, China 246 Miller, Angela 161 Miller, J. Hillis 103 Miller Lane, Barbara 382-3,385,388,391 Millet, François 162 Mills, C. Wright 73.352 Mitchell, W. J. T. 446-56 Moby Dick see Kent, Rockwell; Melville, Herman modemart 16,40,49-50,65-6,69,75, 114,316,327,352,401-2,478,482, 496,499-500; seealso modernism modernism 9-10.15,17,36,38-45,52, 54,59-60,65-7,69,71-3,75.101, 156,167,189,192,198,206,227, 240,260,263,266,283,296,298-9, 301-5,309,312,316-31.334,340, 344-5.352,362-3,375-6,382-3, 515 RENEW MARXIST ART HISTORY 389,391-2,406-7,447,449,453, 478,480,494-7,500-1,503; seealso ‘epic modernism'; ‘epic theatre'; modem art modes of production see production: modes of production Moholy, Lucia 187 Moholy-Nagy, László 395 Molesworth, Helen 496 Monet, Claude 59 Monroe, Marilyn 426,428 Montagu, Anne 171 Moodie, Susanna 164 Moore, Harriet 337 Moore, Henry 49 Moran, Thomas 141,144; Chasm of the Colorado 145; Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone 144,145 Morandi, Giorgio 49 Morante, Else 406 Moravia, Alberto 406 Morgan, Benjamin 95 Morgan, William de 251 MommgPost 188 Morris, William 9,95-6,98,246-55; African Marigold 248,249; News from Nowhere 96,98 Morris and Company 56,249; African Marigold 248,249 Moscow Trials (1936-7) 340 Mote, George William 252-3; An Adder 253 Motherwell, Robert 350 Mouvement Démocratique Féminin 440 Muller, Ulrike 503 Mumby, Arthur J. 188 Mumford, Lewis 226,227,310 Münzer, Thomas 125,128,133 Musée des Beaux-Arts de Montréal 155 Museum of Modem Art, New York 65, 340,352,382,394-6,413,470 Museum of Natural History, New York 223 Mussolini, Benito 324 Namuth,Hans 350,411 Nash, Jorgen 436,437 National Academy of Design, New York 69,145,147-8,158 National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa 155,164 National Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's Union 232 National Socialism see Nazi Party, Nazism naturalism 67,69,226,252,283,301, ЗОЗ, 309,311-12,316,318,329,372, 406-8,446-7,481,486 Naumann, Friedrich 285,292 Nazi Party 11,18,382-96; seealso Nazism Nazism 10,70,111,312,382-96,417; see also Nazi Party Nazi-Soviet Pact 70 negation of the negation 79,86,343, 351,355,357 Negri, Antonio 9,13,246-8,255,500; Empire 9; ‘Proletarians and the State' 500; seealso Hardt,Michael Nele, Renee 436 neo-avant-garde,the 24-5,495; $ge also avant-garde, the; Bürger, Peter; vanguard, vanguardism neo-Brechtian modes 480,482 neo-Kantianism 121-2,129,483 neoliberalism 189,474,480,489 neo-Marxism 24 neo-realism 11,406 Nerdinger, Winfried 382-3 Nesbit, Molly 187-8 Neue Sachlichkeit 37,263 Neues Bauen architecture 390-1 Neue Zeit 17,94,285 Neue Zürcher Zeitung 390 NewArtAssociation 19 new art history 16,22,24-5,33,38,43 New Deal 38-9,41-3,301,319,321-2, 327-9,342 New Left, the 8,13-14,19,22,24,45, 51,57,48o New Literary History 20,50 New Masses 10,69,260,264-7,296-313, 297,302,304,306,307,310,324-7, 330,339-40 New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York 460 New School for Social Research, New York 324 New York Artists' Congress 329 New York Daily Tribune 140 New Yorker 228 New York Times 48,382,394 New York University 459 Newhall, Beaumont 187 Newman, Barnett 333,351,357; OnementI 351.357 Nichol, John 98 Nierendorf, Karl 363,365,376,379 Nietzsche, Friedrich 32,103,108-9, 132,240-1,362,376; ‘On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life' 109; The Birth of Tragedy 103-4,132; Thus Spake Zarathustra 240; Untimely Meditations 32 Nixon, Richard 48,54,63 Nochlin, Linda 19 non-figurative art 303,407,408; see also abstract painting; abstraction in art; geometric abstraction; painterly abstraction North, Dudley (father) 171,175 North, Dudley (son) 172-4,176-7 North, Francis 172-4,176-7 North, John 176 North, Montagu 170,176,180,182 North, Roger 8,170-83; Arguments & Materials 174-5,180; Discourses onTrade 173,175; Examen, or an Inquiry into the Credit and Veracity of a pretended Complete History 170,176-7,179-81; Gentleman's Accomptant 175,180; Reflections upon some passages in Mr Le Clerc's Life of MrJohnLocke 175-6; The Reflections on our Common Failings 175 Northern Echo 188 Northwestern University, Evanston 58 Novak, Barbara 141,142 November Revolution (1918) 284 Novotny, Fritz 49 NSDAP see Nazi Party Oates, Titus 177 objectivity 83-5,87,89-91,124,316 Observer 431 October 23-6,43 Olcott, Martha B. 261 Oldenburg, Claes 497-8 Olyphant, Robert 147 Ontario Society of Artists 154 operaismo see Workerism, Italian opticality 447 ornament 131-2,246-55,303 Orton, Fred 15,21,58 Osgood, Samuel 147 Osthoff, Hermann 117 Other,the 171,379,470; seealso alterity Oxford Art Journal 6,10 Ozenfant, Amédée 49 painterly abstraction 401,408,410-11, 413,416; seealso abstract painting; abstraction in art; Action Painting; informel painting; gestural painting Palissy, Bernard 251,252 Pannekoek, Anton 439 Panofsky, Erwin 121 Panos, David 503 Panzieri, Raniero 500 Paolozzi, Eduardo 497 Paris Commune 68,101-4,440 Paris-Presse 431 Partisan Review 70,72,336-9,341-2 Pasolini, Pier Paolo 406 Pass, Morris 302 Pater, Walter 7,94-105; ‘Diaphaneitè' 8,98-101,104-5; Imaginary Portraits 99; Marius the Epicurean 99,104; Studies in the History of the Renaissance 95-7,99-101,104; ‘The Bacchanals of Euripides' 105 patricianclass,the 8; seealso property-owning class, the; ruling class, the; upper classes Pepper, Claude 321 performance art 497 permanent revolution, principle of 341; seealso revolutionary action; revolutionary consciousness; revolutionary politics; revolutionary practice 516 INDEX phenomenology 412 Phillipps, Sir Thomas 252-3 Phillips, William 337 photo-document 187,192,456; seealso documentary photography; photoessay; photojournalism photo-essay 11,446,453-6; see also documentary photography; photojournalism Photographic News 193-4,199 photography 9,11,38,43,187-203, 226,446-57,480-2,497; language and 452-3 photojournalism 487 photomontage 304 photo-text 453 Picasso, Pablo 60,309,378 pictorialism 447,450,456 Pictorialism 193,199,226 Pierre Degeyter Club 405 Pinot-Gallizio, Giuseppe 435-6 Piscator, Erwin 287,288,292 Plato 196 Playboy 429 Plekhanov, Georgi 16,67,305 Pliny the Elder 197 Poetry: AMagazineofVerse 337,339 political economy 9,24,35,80,88, 189,395 Pollock, Griselda 15,21-2,58; ‘Vision, Voice, and Power: Feminist Art History and Marxism' 22 Pollock, Jackson 350-1,407,411; see also Abstract Expressionism Popart 113,499 Pope,Alexander 174; TheDunciad 171,174 Popkov, Viktor E. 489-90 popular culture 36,39,75,153,211,327, 449,451,456,497 Popular Front 10,17,64,69-70,313, 329-З0, ЗЗ8-42,344 pornography 11,378,420,429-31,442 Posada, José Guadalupe 9,206-21; Asombrosoyfunesto suceso ... Eleuterio Mirafiientes 212,213; Calavera chusca, dedicada à las placeras, tortilleras, verduleras y toda gentedelućha... 216,217; Calavera de Cupido 216; Calavera de las Artes 217; Calavera de los Patinadores 217; Calavera de Pascual Orozco 217; Calavera Oaxaqueña 217; Calavera Revuelta de Federales, Comerciantes y Artesanos 218; Calaveras, saltad de la tierra 215; Calaveras Zalameras de las Coquetas Meseras 217; De Este Famosa Hipodroma en la Pista ... 217; Gran Panteon Amoroso 216; horroroso asesinato! Acaecido en la ciudad de Tuxpan el 10 del presente mesy año' 212,213; llorando el hueso 218,219; Rebumbio de calveros 217 post-Adomian theory 7,25,44,47 post-Althusserian theory 23,34 post-conceptual art 450 post-conceptual photography 446-57, 447,450,455,481,486 Post-Impressionism 353 post-relational art 480; see also relational art postmodernism, postmodernist theory 24-5,95,189,192,246,255,334,447, 450-1,454,480-1 poststructuralism, poststructuralist theory 23-5; see also structuralism, structuralist theory Potamkin, Harry Alan 300 Potlatch 434 Potolsky, Matthew 95 Potts, Alex 451 Precisionism 14,37,45-6,263 Prem, Heimrad 437 Pre-Raphaelites 252 Prince, Richard 449 Princeton University 58 print culture 156,206-21,363 production means of production 22,73, 211,347,495,498; modes of production 7,127,211,335,347, 352,443,498-9; relations of 55, 290; see also capitalist modes of production; industrial production, industrialization productivism 45,294 Profumo, John 432 Progress 95 proletarian, proletarianism 9-10,55, 71,208,211,246,249,263-5,270, 279-80,284-5,287-9,292-3,296, 298-300,303,305,308,310,335,337, 347-9,355-6,403-4.438,484; see also proletarianization; proletariat, the; worker, the; working class, the proletarian art 284-5,289,292-3,296, 303,308 Proletarian Revolutionary Writers League 283,285 proletarianization 431-2 proletariat, the 9-11,55,67,71,92, 101-3,208,211,246,249,264-5,267, 270,276,279-80,284-5,287-9, 292-3,296,298- 300,303,305,308, 310-11,334-5,337,345-50,352,355-7, 404,430,438-9,441,443,484; see also proletarian, proletarianism; proletarianization; worker, the; working class, the Proletarisches Theater 287-8,290-1 Proletkult 291,296,301,338 propaganda 10,103,178,260-1,263, 270-1,275,287-8,294,299,301, 305,311-12,316-17,323,330,339, 385,390-2; see also agitprop; communist propaganda property-owning class, the 171; see also patrician class, the Protestantism 117-20,122-3,125-6, 128,175,177; see also Calvinism Proust, Marcel 309 psychoanalysis 16,21,24,33,56,427,434 Putnam, George P. 147 Quarterly Review 102,103 Radek, Karl 488 Radek Community 12,487-8,490; Manifestations 487 radical art history 32,48-63,64-75; see also leftism: leftist art history; Marxist art history Radkau,Joachim 122 Radziwiłł, Franz 392 Raether, Johannes Paul 503 Rahv, Philip 337 Rancière, Jacques 197 Rand, Ayn 240 Raphael 69,121 Raphael, Max 14,16-17,21; ‘The Marxist Theory of Art' 16 Rauschenberg, Robert 497 Read, Herbert 17 Reade, R.C. 162 Reagan, Ronald 57-8,60 realism, realists 7,10-12,17,32,36-45, 66-9,71-2,75-114,162,263,296, 298-9,301,3°3- З05,3°8,310-11, 316-18,326-7,330,340,400-2, 404-11,417,451-2,455,465,479, 480-2,484,486-7,491; seealso critical realism; epic realism; magic realism; materialist realism; neo-realism; social realism; socialist realism; Socialist Realism (Soviet); Realism; realist painting Realism 53,64,68; seealso Courbet, Gustave realist painting 42-3,406,417; seealso realism, realists Reard, Louis 426 Rector,Martin 285 Red Army, Soviet 9,266,275,277, 279-80,341 Redon, Odilon 58 Rccs.ÆL. 16 Reformation, the 124,128,181 Refregier,Anton 311 Reichswirtschaftsverband bildender Künstler 285 Reid, George Agnew 164,165; Logging 164; Staking a Pioneer Fann 165; The Arrival of the Pioneers 165 reification 12,43,51,60,75,94~5-104, 110-11,126,435,479,482-3,485, 487,491 Reisman, Philip 311-12 relational art 480; seealso post-relational art Rembrandt van Rijn 196,478 Renaissance, the 95-7,100-1,104,117, 120-4,128-9, !97 517 RENEW MARXIST ART HISTORY Renoir, Auguste 59,378 Renzio, Toni del 497 representation, critique of 480 representation, modes of 11,450 representation, politics of 451,45?, 4g2 reproductive labour 501-2; seealso labour Resnais, Alain 435 Ressler, Oliver 482,488 revolutionary action 74,350,355-7,414 revolutionary art 2,98,301,305,309, 313,335-339-40,350,415 revolutionary consciousness 343, 347-8,357 revolutionary politics 347,412,437-8, 443 revolutionary practice 93,347-8 Reynolds, Joshua 197 Richter, Hans 287 Riegl, Alois 121-2,130 Riesel, René 438-9 Rifkin, Adrian 20,58 Riis, Jacob 453 Ritschl, Albrecht 124 Rivera, Diego 7,70-2,74-5 Robbe-Grillet, Alain 435 Robbins, Daniel 54 Robert Henri School of Art, New York 321 Roberts, John 17,18,22,449,452 Robeson, Paul 233 Robinson, Boardman 307 Robinson, H. P. 193-6 Rodchenko, Aleksandr 304 Roeck, Bernd 118,119 Rohe, Mies van der 384,389,390, 391,392 romantic anti-capitalism 7,43,45-6, 94-104,123,125,127,129 Romanticism 100,235 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 42,301,319,321, 322,329; seealso New Deal Rosenberg, Alfred 386,389 Rosenberg, Arthur 341 Rosenberg, Harold 10,310,333-56; ‘Character Change and the Drama' 337,345-6,348,354; ‘Modem Art? OranArtoftheModem?' 351; ‘Myth and History* 341; ‘Tenth Street: A Geography of Modem Art' 344; ‘The American Action Painters' 10,334-5,342,344-5,350-2,355-6; ‘The Fall of Paris' 341-2,344-5,352; ‘The Front' 336-9,344,356; ‘The Men on the Wall' 337-8; ‘TheNew Realism' 340; ‘The Pathos of the Proletariat' 345-7,349,352,355-6; ‘The Resurrected Romans' 345 Rosetti, Dante Gabriel 194 Rosier,Martha 19,21,482 Ross, Kristin 425 Rossiter, Thomas 147 ROSTA, Berlin 290-1 Rousseau,Jean-Jacques 108 Rowlandson, Thomas 227 Royal Academy of Arts (Berlin) 285 ruling class, the 309,351; seealso patrician class, the; upper classes Ruskin, John 156,194,252 Russell, Lord (William) 172 Russian art 70,279,303,313; see also Russian avant-garde; Socialist Realism (Soviet); Soviet art, Soviet art theory Russian Association of Revolutionary Writers (RAPP) 296 Russian avant-garde 38,301; seealso Soviet avant-garde Russian Formalism 20,21 Russian-French Non-Aggression Pact (1935) 340,343-4 Russian-German Non-Aggression Pact (1939) ЗАО Russian Revolution 38-9,72,270 Ryan, Joseph P. 324-5,329 Ryder, Albert Pinkham 140,226,407 Sacchi, Andrea 49 Sacheverell, Henry 176 Saint-Gaudens,Augustus 140 Saint-Just, Louis Antoine de 429 Salcedo, Doris 12,458-76; Abyss 461; Atrabiliarios 461,462; LaCasaViuda 460,462,463; Neither 45,50,455, 461; Noviembre 6 465,466,467,469, 473; Noviembre6y7 467-8,469; Shibboleth 459,470-5; Tenebrae, Noviembre7,i98s 464,465,466, 467-8; Unland 460 Salle, David 58 San Francisco Museum of Modem Art 460 Sancroft, Archbishop William 172 Sander, Heike 502 Sào Paulo Biennial 460 Sartre, Jean-Paul 441,485 Sassetti, Francesco 117,119,124-6 Saturday Evening Post 161 Sayre, Robert 96 Schapiro, Meyer 7,14,16-17,20, 49,58-9,64-75,24°, З08,328-9 ; ‘Courbet and Popular Imagery* 67; ‘Nature of Abstract Art' 64-5; ‘Public Use of Art' 73,328; ‘Rebellion in Art' 66; ‘Social Realism and Revolutionary Art' 70; ‘The Liberating Quality of Avant-Garde Art' 73; ‘The Nature of Abstract Art' 59; ‘The Patrons of Revolutionary Art' 71-2; ‘The Social Bases of Art' 64-5 Scheel, Theodor 302,304,311; Camera Eye 304 Scheier, Max. 122 Schiele, Egon 49 Schiller, Friedrich 288,497 Schmidt, Hans 390 Schnabel, Julian 58 Schneider, Norbert 18 Schoell-Glass, Charlotte 118 Schoenberg, Arnold 51,75,112 School of Paris 316,330,351 Schultze-Naumburg, Paul 389 Schütz, Erhard H. 292 Scott, Sir Walter 67 Screen 20-4,480 Scribner's Magazine 194 Scribner's Monthly 156 Searle, Adrian 467 Second Conference of Revolutionary and Proletarian Writers 298,300 Second International 16,64,67,211 Second World War 110,224,234,347, 495 499-500,502 Sedlmayr, Hans 416 Sekula, Allan 11-12,19,198,446-8, 455-7,480-2,486-7,490; Black Tide 481,482; FishStory 455,456, 482; Lottery of the Sea 487,490; Shipwreck and Workers: Part of Titanic'sWdke 455,456; Volunteer Watching, Volunteer Smiling (Isla de Ons,i2¡i9lo2) 481; Waiting for Tear Gas [whiteglobe to black] 486,487 Seminar for Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture 6 semiology 21; seealso semiotics semiotics 187,446,448-9,451-2; see also semiology Semler, Christoph 126; Coelum stellatum in quo asterismi 126 Semper, Gottfried 250,289 Senger,Alexandervon 389-91 Serota, Sir Nicholas 460,471 Seven Arts 227 Shadwell, Charles Lancelot 99 Shakespeare, William 67,203,223; Hamlet 346,348 Shapin, Steven 174 Sheeler, Charles 45 Sherman, Cindy 449 Sholette, Greg 37 Sidney, Algernon 172 Siegel, William 305,309 signs 421,427,431,442,446,448-51,456 Silvy, Camille 189-90 Simmel, Georg 109,124-6; Der Konflikt der modemen Kultur 109; Philosophische Kultur 109; Philosophy of Money 124 Simons, Hugo 362-79,364,366 Simplicissimus 374,375 Simulation 451 Siporin, Mitchell 312,330 Sirovich, William 321 SITE SantaFe,New Mexico 460 Situationism, Situationists 11,15,53, 60,62,63,401,412,415,420-43, 488; seealso Debord, Guy; dérives; détournements; Internationale situationniste; Situationist International; spectacle, the 518 INDEX Situationist International 11,53,401, 412,415,420-43; see also Debord, Guy; derives; détournements; Internationale situationniste; Situationism, Situationists; spectacle, the SituationistTimes 436-7 Smith, Adolphe 189-90,201-2 Smithson, Alison 497 Smithson, Peter 497 social agency 9,492; see also agency Social Democratic Party (Germany) 283,385 social history of art 15-16,19,23,25,40, 45-6,58,64,365 social realism 10-11,17,36-7,41-4,66, 69-70,263,308,316,326-7,330,340, 400,402,404*5,405,417 socialism, socialists 9,36,40-1,53,70, 73,101,211,232,236,240-2,269,276, 293,296,301,303,348-9,362,385, 400,402,406-7,438,479,486,491; see also anti-socialism; Socialist Party (US) Socialist German Student Union 502 Socialist Party (US) 70 socialist realism 400,402,403,404, 406,486,491 Socialist Realism (Soviet) 70-1,296, 317,402,480,485,489 society ofthe spectacle,the 421, 425,438; see also Debord, Guy; Situationism, Situationists; spectacle, the Soglow,Otto 300,307,311 Solman, Joseph 340 Sombart, Werner 117,122-4; Modern Capitalism 117,124; The Bourgeois 124,171,183; The Jews and Economic Life 124 Soviet art, Soviet art theory 16,17,298, 311,312,323; see also Russian art Soviet avant-garde 23,70; see also Russian avant-garde Soviet communism see communism, communists: in the Soviet Union Soviet culture 277,303 Soviet Union 7,23,40,64,232,241, 260-80,291,298,305,317,340,343, 389-91,404 sovietization 9,260-1,263,266-7,269, 270-5.277-80 Soyer, Moses 69 Soyer, Raphael 69 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) 283,285-6, 385.391-2 Spanish Civil War 10,329 Sparks, Leonard 326 spectacle, the 60,63,421,-2,425-6, 430-2,436,438-9,442-3,45U 479; see also Debord, Guy, society ofthe spectacle, the Spectacular Times 439; seealso Situationism, Situationists Spectator 175 Speer, Albert 383 Spence, Jo 21 Spencer, Herbert 247 Spengler, Oswald 109,110 Spinoza, Baruch 108 Spivak, Max 340 Stalin, Joseph 54,70,224,232,235-6, 296,300,305,338,340,388 Stalinism 10,16,17,33,40-2,65,69-71, 74-5,232,241-2,296,305,317,341, 344,439,485 Stalinization 293,311 State University of New York 54 Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam 436 Stedman Jones, Gareth 202 Steinhardt, Jakob 375 Stendhal (Marie-Henri Beyle) 67, 69,72 Sternberg, Harry 306-7; Subway Construction 306,307 Stevens, Wallace 344,346,350-1,353; ‘The Noble Rider and the Sound of Words' 344 Steyerl, Hito 482 Stieglitz, Alfred 45,240 Stillman, William James 193-202 Straub, Jean-Marie 480 Strijbosch.Jan 432 structuralism, structuralist theory 21,23,500,501; seealso poststructuralism, poststructuralist theory Sturges, Frederick 147 subaltemity 207,219 subjecthood, subjectivity 9,22,32, 35,40-1,44,74,84,87,89-91,96, 104,122-3,127,130,132,153,195-8, 234-5,247-8,253-4,412,414-15,428, 483-4,487,501; seealso aesthetic subjectivity Suleiman, Susan Rubin 433 Sully, James 247 SundayWorker 326 Suprematism 292 Surrealism 340,353,406,413,434, 438 Suydam, James A. 142 Sweezy, Paul 51 Swift, Jonathan 72 Swinburne, A. C. 98 symbolic capital 114 symbolic form 42,121 Symbolism 112 Symonds, J. A. 98 Symposium 336 Tafuri.Manfredo 12 Tagg, John 21,188 Tajikistan 9,260-79 Tamesis 432 Tate Gallery, London 460 Tate Modem, London 459-60,470-5 Tatler 175 Tatlin, Vladimir 286,292 Taussig, Michael 9,207-8; The Devil and Commodity Fetishism in South America 207 Taylor, John 199 Teige, Karl 287 Tel Quel 23-4 Teniers, David the Younger 227 Temovetz, Boris 313 Teukolsky, Rachel 100 textuality 121,448 Thatcher, Margaret 60 Theatre Arts Monthly 260 Third International 338,342-3 Third Period 10,264,299 Thomas, Peter 103 Thompson, John 9,187-203; Street LifeinLondon 9,187-203,191,200, 201,202 Thoreau, Henry David 140 Tickner, Lisa 58 Tiller Girls 131 Times, The (London) 101,194 Times Literary Supplement 435 Togliatti, Palmiro 403,406 Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich 67,71, 72,223 Tonnies, Ferdinand 125 Toronto Star Weekly 162 totalitarianism 110-11,224,235-6,241, 333.357,448 totality, concept of 7,12,24,46,47, 67,72,90,438,480-7,503; see also Lukács, Georg trade unions see union movement Trafton, Melissa 148 Traill, Catherine Parr 164 transitivity 485,486,487 Travel 265,278 Troeltsch, Ernst 124,125,128; Reason and Revelation in Johann Gerhard and Melanch thon 125; The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches 124,125,128 Tronti, Mario 500,501,502 Trotsky, Leon 70,72,293,298, 300,341-2,349,483; ‘Manifesto: Towards a Free Revolutionary Art' 70 Trotskyism 10,17,40-1,64,70,75,293, 329,341 Turgenev, Ivan 223 Turin, Viktor 270 Turner, Frederick Jackson 151 Übergangszeit, the 284,292 UCLA see University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Ukeles,MierleLaderman 502 Ulmer Verein für Kunst-und Kulturwissenschaften 18 Unemployed Artists Group 339 519 RENEW MARXIST ART HISTORY union movement 189,201,233,241, 321-2,339,342; see also unionism; unionization Union des Femmes Françaises 440 Union Féminine Civique et Sociale 440 Union League Club 148 unionism 9,321,322,324; see also union movement; unionization unionization 241,322; see also union movement; unionism United American Artists 232 United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America 232 United Front 336,338,340,342 United Office and Professional Workers of America 232 University College London 6,13 University of California, Berkeley 61.62 University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 7,19,49-4,56,58,61-2 University of California, San Diego 56.62 University of Leeds is, 20,188 University of London 6 University of Munich 127 University of Toronto 151,153 unproductive labour 494,499,502 upper classes 312; see also patrician class, the; ruling class, the use-value 152,305,438,499 utopianism 7,14,15,44,68,73,95,96, 98,99,100,101,104,112,239,249, 255,256,356,405,492 Vadim, Roger 428 Vaillant-Couturier, Paul 260,266, 269-70,276; Free Soviet Tadjikistan 266; Trains Rouges 270 Vanegas Arroyo, Antonio 206-21 Vaneigem, Raoul 432,437-8 Van Gelder, Hilde 455 vanguard, vanguardism 50,52,71, 311,352-3,355-6,400,406,411,414, 450,488; see also avant-garde, the; neo-avant-garde; Russian avant-garde; Soviet avant-garde Vasari, Giorgio 153 Vedova, Emilio 401,406-7,410 Venice Biennale 402,404,406,460 Venice School of architecture 12,13 Verband Deutscher Kunsthistoriker 18 Vereist, Simon (Pietcrsz) 250 video art 480,482,487,488,489 Vietnam War 18,48,496 Vilensky, Dmitry 489 Vinci, Leonardo da 286,368; Mona Lisa 104,286 Vishnevsky,Vsevolod 309 Völkischer Beobachter 386,387,388, 389,391 Vollard, Ambroise 378 Voloshinov, Valentin 443 Voltaire 223 Wages for Housework 501 Wainwright, Philip 336 Walden, Herwarth 376 Wall, Jeff 446-8,450,456; The Storyteller 446,447 Wallach, Alan 19 Wallerstein, Immanuel 51 Warburg, Aby 8,117-54,119; ‘Francesco Sassetti's Last Will and Testament' 117; ‘Pagan-Antique Prophecy in Words and Image at theTime of Luther' 121,124,126 Warburg, Felix 119 Warburg, Fritz 119 Warburg, Max 119 Warburg, Paul 119 Warhol, Andy 56,60,113 Wamke, Martin 18,384 ‘Waterfront Art Show' 324-7,329 Watson, Homer Ransford 8,151-67; A Coming Storm in the Adirondacks 155; ‘A Landscape Painter's Day* 166; Log-CuttingintheWoods 165; The Pioneer Mill 154-6,154,160,163, 166-7; ‘The Village' 166 Weber, Max 8,117-34,118,382,394; ‘Science as a Vocation' 127-8,132-3; The Protestant Ethic and the ‘Spirit' of Capitalism 117-18,122-3,128 Weber, Nicholas Fox 382 Week 162 Weill, Kurt 478 Weimar Academy of Art 389 Weimar Republic 51,285,365,373,375, 379,383-92 Weininger, Otto 368 Weinstein, Joan 51,52 Werckmeister, Otto Karl 7-8,14-15, 18-20,23,49-52,54,57-8,60-2,69, 384,495; ‘Marx on Ideology and Art' 50 Werkbund 292 Westminster Review 95 White, Ian 503 White Cube, London 460-1,473-5 Whiteread, Rachel 472-3 Whitman, Walt 140 Whitney Museum of American Art, New York 328 Wilcox and Barlow 180 Wilde, Oscar 94,97,99,162; ‘The Soul of Man Under Socialism' 99 Wilkin, Karen 317 Williams, Raymond 95,152,317 Williams, William Carlos 45 Willis, Nathaniel Parker 147 Wilmerding, John 141-2 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim 100, 103 Wittfogel, Karl August 10,283,293-4; ‘On the Question of a Marxist Aesthetic' 283,293 Wolfe, Bertram 71 Wölfflin, Heinrich 35,121-2,129-30, 142; Classic Art 122 Wollheim, Richard 402 Wolman, Gil 432 woman-as-sign 431 women's movement, the 19,33; see also feminism, feminists Woodward, John Douglas 158 Wordsworth, William 96 worker, the 33,38,52-3,68,101,159, 187,196-7,200,208,211,217,236, 263-4,271,277,279,286-8,291,300, 308-9,312,319-20,322,324-30,336, ЗЗ8-9,347,355,388,438-9,443,456, 459,488,501 workers'movement, the 33 Workers Music League 405 Workers Party (US) 70 Workerism, Italian 12,500,501 working class 18,20-3,39,64-5,68, 73,75,102,201,211,232,246,283, ЗОЗ, 308,312,318,322,329,341, 344,349,355,362-3,500-1; see also proletarian, proletarianism; proletariat, the Works Progress Administration (WPA) 319-20,353 Wouters, Rik 49 Wright, Frank Lloyd 240 Writers Brigade 260,266,269,273, 275,278 Year-book of the Photographic News 194 Young, Art 307,309 Zabel, Barbara 263 Zeitshriftfiir Sozialforschung 64 Zenshin 431 Zetkin, Clara 285 Zhdanovism, Zhdanovist Socialist Realism see Socialist Realism (Soviet) Zigrosser, Carl 239,240-1 Zorilla,Jose 215 Zutringer, Pauline 264 520 |
