| Volltext: | Index Note: page numbers in italics refer to illustrations Abbate, Niccolo dell' 56 ; abject art 343 Abraham, Karl 403 Abrams, M. H. 427 abstract art 17, 174, 317-18, 375-6, 398, 400-1 Abstract Expressionism 166-7, 217; Greenberg 17In. 4; marks 375-6; Rosenberg 313; sublime 360-1 abundance 56-7 Academia Platónica 45 academic artists 96-7,101 academic theory 89-93,110,112-13; t tradition 14 Û academies of art 79-80, 86n. 5, 88; Í aesthetics 97-8; art theory 91; Bologna t 59; Florence 59, 89, 90, 105, 106, 110; France 85-6n. 3, 14-15, 91, 98, 104-5, 106-7, 113; gender 107-8; influence of 104—5; instruction in painting 97-8, 107-8, 113; literature on 104-5; London 14, 88, 107-8, 116; Milan 106, 107, 113; nonpractitioners 90; Rome 59, 91, 106; self-worth 90; Venice 106 Accademia Ambrosiana, Milan 107, 113 Accademia del Disegno, Florence 54, 89, 90, 106-7, 110 Accademia Vinciana 106 action, hermeneutics 437-8 A action in painting 109-10 A action painting 313,333 A Addison, Joseph 22-3,119,120,121 al Adorno, T. W. 241n. 2, 271, 279, 280 A aesthetics 20-1; academies of art 97-8; association of ideas 119-22; Bakhtin 292-5; Baudelaire 157; Byzantine 44; colonialism 393; creative process 293; desire 261; emotion 131; experience 444; feminist 391, 395; Formalism 130-2; France 154; gender 261; Hegel 469; hermeneutics 441-4, 445-6; intellect 20, 26; Iser 449; Kant 122, 130-1, 132-3, 250, 251, 256, 257-8, 292-3; Peirce 315; philosophical 47, 161; Plotinus 42-5; sublime 362 African-American women artists 387 aisthesis 20-1 Albers, Josef 500 Alberti, Leon Battista 52; art/nature 10-11; art theory 98; circumscription 9; compositio 13-17; contour 9-10; copying masters 5b,Depictura 5-6,94,109,110, 111,112-13; Delia Pittura 5-6, 49, 53, 57; fame/fortune 6-7,77; form/structure 10; istoria 16, 57; mirrors 81; nature 10-12,82\orlo %paragane 6; perspective 7-8, 9-10; pigments 78-9; Realism 10-13; rhetoric 105; rules of drawing 415; sculpture 72n. 4; self-criticism 80-1; soul 15; Treatise on Painting 4,5, 6, 7, 11-12, 13-15; working methods 78 Alberti, Romano 51,53-4 Alcinous 24 Aldine Academy 106 alienation, Marx 233-4, 280 Alison, Archibald 119 505 Index allegory 16, 46, 287-8, 289-90 Alpers, S. 338 Althusser, L. 276, 278, 281, 349 amateur painters 117,123 Amerasian culture 387 analogy 34,462 anarchism 217, 219, 221, 275 anart 246, 255, 258 anatomy 11, 54-5, 84, 107 Anderson, Perry 267-8, 274, 275 Andre, Carl 355 Andrews, Malcolm 118 animal symbolism 33-4 Anon 230 Anreus, Alejandro 282 answerability 295-6 Antal, Frederick 281, 282, 473 anti-art 247-8; art theory 244, 251; Duchamp 244, 253, 255, 256-7; readymades 249, 250, 484 anti-essentialism 450, 479, 480, 488 anti-instutionalism 494-5 antinaturalism 46 antinominalism 493,494 Aotearoa/New Zealand 386 Apelles 145 aphasia 330 aphrodisia 345 Apollinaire, Guillaume 218 Apollonian disposition 184—6, 188-9, 191 Apollonius of Tyana 429 apprenticeships 59 Apuleius 433 Aquinas, Thomas 30, 33, 36-7, 63 Arab culture 393 Arbus, Diane 299-300 architectonics 294, 295-6 architecture: and commentary 304; periods/movements 146-7; picturesque 121; proportion 32; Vitruvius 29, 32-3, 108 Arcimboldo, Giuseppe 46 Aristotle 503; De anima 23; catharsis 185; essentialism 144; hermeneutics 438; hylomorphic theory 35; metaphor 461; mimema 22; music 23; Platonists 36; Poetics 22, 23, 36, 148n. 2; Politics 23; practice 7; revival 30; Rhetorica 110; self-discipline 346; teleology 145; translations 36; vision 62, 63 arithmetic 53 Armenini, Giovan llattista 51, 78, 79, 97 Arnheim, Rudolph 431 Arp, Hans 245 art 31-2, 255-7, 487-8; autonomy 31,162, 272, 473; culture 17, 19, 427, 469, 470-1; historicity 136-7, 427-8, 442, 482; language 105, 325, 495-6; meaning 431-2, 477; nature 10-11, 33, 56-7, 90, 120; physiology of 189; qualities 58; radicalism 218, 219, 221; religion 31-2; society 473-4,478; subversion 244, 245-6, 247, 343; transformation 441-2; truth 68-9; see also Fine Arts; liberal arts; visual arts Art & Language 319, 320, 323-5 Art for Art's Sake theory 177, 215 art handbooks 37-8, 56, 59, 97-100 art history 105, 453—4; developmental 472; formalism 288-9; great/small time 297-8; interdisciplinarity 467, 469—74; Jauss 453; literary theory 453; iMarxism 473; periodization 142, 146-7; psychoanalytic theory 406; reception theory 448-50; Riegl 282, 470; style 146; tactilitv 61-2; see also critical art history; New Art History; New Left art history Art Now 219,389 art objects 350-1, 354-5, 491-2, 493; see also works of art art practice 444-6, 502-3 art theory xviii, 3, 85, 88-9, 370-1; academies of art 91; Alberti 98; anti-art 244, 251; artists 173, 174-5; Christianity 29, 45, 49; hermeneutics 436-41; history painting 95; Kant 127; Marxism xvii, 281; medieval times 29; sculptors 173; teaching of 107; works of art 440; see also feminist art theory art world: curatorial sphere 479; Danto 20, 489, 490-1, 492; Dickie 497-8; institutional theory 248-50; institutions 497-8 art writing 49, 350 artifactuality 439, 477, 489-90, 497 artisans/painters 99 artistic creation: see creative process artists 163-4, 191, 219; academic 96-7, 101; art theory 173, 174-5; beholders 237, 239-40; body 39, 188; emotion 165; intcntionality 443, 445; Nietzschean 183; professionalism 164-5; radicalism 217-18, 225; transforming function 506 Index 374-5; writing 49, 176, 350; see also painters; sculptors; women artists artworks: see works of art asceticism 189 astronomy 53 Athenaeum group 151 Athens 106 Atkinson, Terry 320-1, 323-4 Augustine, Saint 29, 30, 62, 63 Augustinians 34-5 Australia 386 autonomy 20, 44; art 31, 162, 272, 473; individual 162-3 autotely 20 avant-garde 218-19, 226-7; anarchism 219; Barr 220-1; communism 219; Conceptual Art 320; fascism 219; feminist art theory 226-7; Greenberg 215, 221-5, 226; indexicality 313, 314-15; Modern Art 215-16; novatio 366; radicalism 217, 218-21; Russian 175, 224-5; socialism 216; sublime 364-8 Averintsev, S. 422 Babbitt, Irving 98 Bacon, Francis 372; body 376; defiguration 376; Deleuze 370, 374, 375-8; photography 376; Study for Portrait III 376 Bakhtin, Mikhail 301n. 1; aesthetics 292-5; answerability 295-6; architectonics 294, 295-6; carnivalesque 292, 299; chronotope 298-9; creative process 293, 294, 295-6; The Dialogieal Imagination 292; dialogism 270, 292, 296-7; genre 299, 301; Kant 293; monologism 296-7; polyphony 297; Rahelais and His World 292, 299; self/other 298; subjectivity 298; unfinalizability 300; visual arts 295-300; works of art 297-8 Bakunin, Mikhail 274 Bal, Mieke 453 Baldwin, Michael 320-1, 323-4 Ball, Hugo 245 Bandinelli, Baccio 69, 70 Barnet, Holly 282 Barocchi, Paola 66, 69 Barolsky, Paul 68 Barr, Alfred 218, 220-1; Culnsm and Abstract An 220, 221 Barry, James 108 Barry, Robert 248, 249-50, 320-1, 322, 323 Barthes, Roland 349, 370; Camera Lucida 327, 334-5; colour 333; démystification 329-30; feminist theory 478; gesture 334-5; 'The Imagination of the Sign' 330, 331; 'Introduction to the Structural Analysis of Narrative' 328; language 327, 330-1; langue/parole 328, 332, 333; Lévi-Strauss 328—30; Merleau-Ponty 332-3; 'Myth Today' 327; photography 335; pleasure 331-2; The Pleasure of the Text 328, 333; Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes 331-2, 334; S/Z 331; semiotics xvii, 327; Structuralism 328, 330-1; 'The Structuralist Activity' 330-1; 'The Third Meaning' 334 Barzman, Karen-Edis 104, 105, 110 Bataille, Georges 334 Baudelaire, Charles 153, 155, 156, 157, 164, 226 Baudrillard, J. 349,350 Bauhaus 10, 175 Baumgarten, Alexander 20, 293 Baxandall, Michael 13, 110, 232-3, 421, 465n. 1 Beardsley, M. C. 229-30, 498 beau idéal, le 108 beauty: Fine Art 15; Helen of Troy 56, 99; Hogarth 122; Kant 122, 123, 127-8, 133; music 25-6; nature 25, 34-5, 44, 134-5; Neoplatonists 46; painting 6, 13-14, 25-6, 30, 134-5; Plotinus 40-5; Pythagoreans 25-6; Scholastics 36-7; sculpture 25-6; Stoicism 43; sublime 116, 122, 123; see also taste de Beauvoir, Simone 371 beaux arts: see Fine Arts Beery, Gene 247, 248 Beethoven, Ludwig van 151 behaviourist psychology 259, 260 beholders: artist 237, 239-40; Gombrich 146, 147, 452, 455-6n. 1; pictorial meaning 237; readers 448 Bell, Clive 131-2, 218, 478 Bellori, Giovanni Pietro 47, 90, 105, 107 Belting, Hans 468 Benedictines 33-4 Benjamin, A. 353, 355 Benjamin, Walter: allegory 287-8, 289-90; Arcades Project 288, 289; aura 257, 289; The Author as Producer 290; capitalism 287-8; colour 287; experience 286; film 290; Frankfurt School 280; Kant 286; 507 Index Benjamin, Walter: (cont'd) On Language as Such and on the Language of Man 286-7; Marxism 270, 279, 473; mechanical reproduction 282, 289; Modernity 287-9; One Way Street 287—8, 289; The Origin of German Tragic Drama 286, 287; Painting and the Graphic Art 288; photography 290; picture writing 288-9; On The Programme of the Coming Philosophy 286; The Rainbow 287; vertical/horizontal planes 287; word/image 286-7, 290; The Work of Art in the Epoch of its Technical Reproducibility 289; works of art 287-8; The World of Children 's Books 290 Berenson, Bernard 61-2 Berger, John 282, 473 Bergson, Henri 295 Berkeley, George 63 Bernard of Clairvaux 35 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo 46 Bertillon, Alphonse 305 Bertoldo school 106 Betterton, Rosemary 389 Beuys, Joseph 256, 478 biblical interpretation 437 binary opposites 330, 352 Biondo, Michelangelo 49 Biswas, Sutapa 387 Black, Max 462 Black Mountain College 318 black women artists 387-8 Blaise Hamlet 121 Blanc, C. 167 Blaue Reiter Almanach 190 Blenheim Palace 119 The Blind Man magazine 255, 257, 261 Bloch, Joseph 269 blue flower symbol 152 Blunt, Anthony 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 99, 281 body: artists 188, 390; Bacon 376; classification of forms 305; female 16, 69-70, 383, 389; feminist art theory 388-9; mind 259, 389, 499; parts 403-5; pleasure 332; political order 32-3; proportion 32, 84; sculpture 69-70, 400-1; social control 342-3; soul 26, 41-3, 84; touch 406; voice 387; women artists 390; see also phallus body art 343, 349, 350 body without organs 377 Bocthius 29 Boileau, Nicolas 362 Boime, Alfred 104 Bologna 59 Bolshevism 218,220,221,280 Bonaventure 36-7 book illustration 289-90 Boole, George 306 Borges, Jorge Luis 340 Borghini, Vincenzio 66, 67 Borromeo, Federico 113 Borzello, F. 283 Bosch, Hieronymus 337 Boschloo, Anton 104, 107, 110 Botticelli 427,433 Boundas, C. V. 375 Bourdieu, Pierre 279 Bourdon, Sébastien 107 Bourgeois, Louise 399; fetish 400; Fillette 397—401, 403; gesture 403, 405; parody 402, 403; Princess X 399, 400; sublimation 400; Surrealism 400-1, 405 Bouts, Dierick 337 Bouveresse, J. 198, 200, 201, 208 Bow lby, Rachel 402 Boyce, Sonya 390 Boyne, Roy 376 Bracciolini, Poggio 109 Bradley, F. H. 203, 204 Braidotti, Rosi 380, 394 Brancusi, Constantin 398-9, 489 Braque, Georges 366, 423-4n. 6, 484 Brassil, Joan 391 Braudels, Fernand 297 breast 202,203 Brecht, Bertolt 289 Bredekamp, Horst 282 Brenson, M. F. 402 Breton, André 224 Bright, Deborah 391 Brill, A. A. 261 Britain: black women artists 387-8; Conceptual Art 323-4; feminist art theory 383-4, 385, 386-7; ICA 319; Royal Academy 14, 88, 107-8, 116; social history of art 282-3 Bronzino, Agnolo 70 Broude, Norma 385 Brown, Jonathan 338 Brown, Lancelot 'Capability' 119 Brown, Milton 281 Die Brücke group 187 Brueghel the Elder, Pieter 337 508 Index Brunelleschi 5, 11, 53, 106 Brunetière, Ferdinand 181 Bruno, Giordano 63 Bryson, Norman: figure/discourse 12, 16; Formalism 478; French Académie 104-5; New Art History 453; perceptualism 148n. 3; Visual Culture 467, 468 Buber, Martin 295 Buck, Louisa 480 Budick, Ariella 300 Bühler, Karl 426 Bullinger, Heinrich 50 Burckhardt, Jakob 470 Burger, C. 345 Burger, P. 345 Bürger, Peter 216, 226, 254 Bürgin, Victor xviii, 478 Burke, Edmund 122, 123, 362 Butler, Judith 388 Butor, Michel 173-5, 177-8 Byzantium 29,44 Cabaret Voltaire 245-6 Cage, John 318 calligraphy 333 Calvin, Jean 50 Camfield, William 257 Campion, Jane 391 capitalism 227, 346; Benjamin 287-8; in crisis 219; production 344; and socialism 221 Caputo, John 439 Caravaggio 55, 112 carnivalesque 292,299 Carolingian scholars 29, 30-2, 33 Carracci, Annibale 96 Carrier, D. 205 Carroll, Lewis 324 carving/modelling 204-5,205-6 Cassiodorus, Flavius 29 Castiglione, Baldassare 56, 69 castration 261, 402 catharsis 185 cathexis 202 Cellini, Benvenuto 58 Cennino Ccnnini: anatomy casts 84; II libro deWarte 37-8, 56, 59; painters 76-7, 82-3 Cervantes, Miguel de 338 Cézanne, Paul: distortion 131; indexicality/iconicity 313; intentionality 207, 209-10; interpretation 459, 464-5; Lyotard 364, 365; sensation theory 209; still life 210; Stokes 201-2, 203, 205-6, 210-11; subversive painting 175; touch 62; Zola 213n. 5 Chadwick, Helen 389 Chamisso, A. von 151 Champaigne, Philippe de 100, 107 Charlemagne, Emperor 29, 31 Chartres Cathedral 35, 131 Chartres School 35 Chicago, Judy 383 child art 427 childbirth 192-3 Chinese drawings 412 Chinese ideograms 333 Chirico, Georgio de 366 Chladenius 437 Christianity 50, 421; art theory 29, 45, 49; God 29-30; iconoclasm 31; iconography 30; Neoplatonist influence 40; pleasure 345-6; Reformation 49, 50-2; self 346; de Staël 154 chronotope 298-9 Cicero: De oratore 109, 110; Platonic ideas 24; res/verba 111; rhetoric 8, 13, 54, 108; Zeuxis 25, 43 circumscription 9, 10 Cistercians 35-6 Clark, T. J. 216, 226, 282, 473-4 class struggle 212-A, 276 Classicism 19; buildings 29; influence on medieval times 29; mythology 62-3; perspective 482-3; Reformation 50-1; Romanticism 153, 154; Social Realism 5; see also Greeks Claude 117,118,120-1 Claude glass 117 Clément, Charles 165, 167 Cluniac movement 33-4 Cohen, E. 338 Cohen, Hermann 293 Cohen, Marshall 503n. 1 Cole, Thomas 298, 299 Collingwood, R. G. 43, 161 colonialism 282, 386, 392, 393 colour: academic theory 110; Iiarthes 333; Baudelaire 156; Benjamin 287; design 92; form/contour 205, 491; Gauguin 491; icon painting 421; Kandinsky 342; line 418-19; still life 210-11; Stokes 203-4; symbolism 421; Titian 56, 69-70 509 Index Comanini, Gregorio 51 Comintern 270,280 commodity 279, 280 commonplace books 109 communism: art 218, 219, 221; avant-garde 219; France 371; Marxism 267; Partisan Review 223-4 compositio 13-17, 110 composition 6, 13-17, 25; decorum 6, 15, 94—5; Fuseli 14; picturesque 117-19; Poussin 15, 17, 102, \\1\ see also disposition computer animation 9 computing technology 319 concepts/intuition 444 Conceptual Art 247-8, 317-18; avant-garde 320; exhibitions 319-20; idea 320; intellectualism 324; intentionalitv 323; Modern Art 321; readymades 246, 319; rhetoric 110; subversion 244; texts 320-1, 323-4, 325 concinnatus 6 Condillac, Etienne Bonnet de 63 consciousness 330, 363 Constable, John 298, 429 Constanz University 450 content/form 133, 135, 139-40, 190-1, 202-3 context 4,499-500 contextualism 145-6 contour 9-10, 419, 491 convention 429 conversation 443 Cooke, Lvn 356, 357 Cooper, D. 199 Corot, Camille 165, 167-8 corporeality 42, 46-7; see also body Corregió, Antonio Allegri da 56 cosmology 32,43-4 Counter-Reformation 50-2 Courbet, Gustave 215,353 Cousin, Victor 155 craft 19, 24, 89 Crary, Jonathan 63 Craven, Thomas 218 creative process: Bakhtin 293, 294, 295-6; emotion 161; intellectualization 58-9; Nietzsche 188; Renaissance 53-4,431 creativity: dreams 431; gender 191; institutional theory 501—2; interpretation 461-2, 463, 464, 465; Lyotard 484; morality 295-6; Romanticism 152-3; works of art 236-7, 459; see also genius; invention critical art history 281, 282-3 criticism: Baudelaire 157; Derrida 356; Fried 358n. 3; Judd 358n. 3; Modern Art 356; painters 81 C.roce, B. 43,161,459 Crow, Thomas 472 Crowther, Paul 497 Cubism 217, 218, 484; Barr 220-1; drawing/denotation systems 422-3; semiotics 331 Culler, J. 352,450,451,454 cultural psychology 432-3 cultural studies 174 culture: art 17, 19, 427, 469, 470-1; artefacts 439; high/popular 288; history 288-9; nature 389; projection 429-30; representation 371-2; visual 328,428; works of art 431 Cummins, Tom 282 Cunningham, Merce 318 curatorial mediation 479, 480-1, 482 curatorial pseudo-art 480, 484 Currie, Stuart 70 Curtis, B. 207 Cusa, Nicholas de 10 Dada 478; desecration 247; Judd 318; readymades 253, 255; Richter 246-7; subversion 244; typography 288 Dallenbach, Lucien 453 Damascene, John 31 Danti, Vicenzio 55 Danto, Arthur 485n. 4; art practice 502-3; art world 20, 489, 490-1, 492; atmosphere of theory xviii, 492; imitative theory 490-2; readymades 254-5; reality theory 491; subtractive method 498-9, 500, 501; verisimilitude 17n. 2 Darwin, Charles 198 David, Catherine 480 David, Jacques-Louis 299 dc Bruyne, Edgar 33 de Kooning, Willem 164 de Man, Paul 450; intentionality 231,232, 233, 238, 240; interpretation 239; signs 171n. 3 Debord, Guy 280 Deconstruction xvii, 192, 357-8n. 2, 384 510 Index decoration 305; see also ornamental art decorum: composition 6, 15, 94-5; Horace 25; Raphael 100; rhetoric 110 deduction 54-5 defamiliarization 446 defiguration 376 Degas, Edgar 64, 331 Degenaar, Marjolein 63 Delacroix, E. 155, 156, 160-1, 162, 299 Deleuze, Gilles 303; Anti-Oedipus 372, 373; body without organs 377; difference 371; Francis Bacon: Logique de la sensation 370, 374, 375-8; mutation 376-7; Nietzsche 377-8; philosophy 373-5; religious art 378n. 4; representation 374; rhizome concept 373; A Thousand Plateaux 377; visual art 371; word/image 371 democracy 221 Dempsey, C. 86n. 5 démystification 329-30 Denis, Maurice 6, 170 denotation systems: Cubism 422-3; Eeckhout 415-17; false attachment 419-20; Holy Trinity 418-23; line drawings 413; optical 413; pictures 411, 412-13; silhouettes 413 depiction 55, 112, 427, 430, 453 depth cues 416-17, 418, 420 Derrida, Jacques: art objects 350-1, 354-5; Barthes 331; criticism 356; Deconstruction xvii, 192, 357-8n. 2; difference 352-3; epistemology 349-50; externalitv/internality 353-4; feminist theory 478; intentionality 241n. 2; meaning 352-3, 357; Nietzsche 183, 191 -, parergon 351-2, 353M; signs 171n. 3; The Truth in Painting 337, 351-2, 355, 367, 370; Vattimo 439 Descartes, René 363; dualism 259, 499; Duchamp 259; optics 63; truth 372 description: intentionality 211-12; interpretation 458; Stokes 205-8; Wittgenstein 197-9, 210, 212 design/colour 92 desire 63, 66, 70, 261 Destutt de Tracy, Antoine 277 determinism: biological 388-9; economic 269, 272; historical 143 Dew ey, J. 161 dialectical materialism 269-70, 271 dialectics 53, 270-1 dialogism 270, 292, 296-7 Dickie, George: art world 497-8; artifactuality 489-90; institutional theory 248-50, 251, 493, 501; readymades 254-5; works of art 489 Diderot, Denis 16, 63, 104, 165 difference, Derrida 352-3 difference: Deleuze 371; feminism 384-5, 392-3; historical 483—4; identity 204; race 393; sexual 192; understanding 443 différend 364 Dilthey, Wilhelm 144, 437-8, 443, 468 Dionysian disposition 184-6, 188 disegno 54-5, 56, 89, 92 disinterestedness: Kant 257-8, 260, 261; readymades 257-8 dispositio 54 disposition 109-10; see also composition dithyramb 188-9 Dolce, Lodovico 56-7, 99 Donatello 5, 53, 338 Doni, Anton Francesco 49 van Doom, A. J. 419 Doran, M. 205, 209, 210 Dostoevsky, Fyodor 297, 300 doxa 333, 335 Doy, Gen 393 drapery 110,419 drawing from life 37, 54-5, 80, 107 drawing systems 10; Alberti 415; Cubism 422-3; Eeckhout 415; Holy Trinity 417-18; Leonardo 431; Michelangelo 10; perspective 412-13; pictures 411, 412-13; projection 412-13 dreams: creativity 431; Freud 200, 201, 241; intentionality 234-5, 238, 240-1; mimema 21; Nietzsche 184; Plato 20, 21, 27 Droysen, J. G. 449 Duccio di Buoninsegna 38 Duchamp, Marcel xviii, 366; In Advance of the Broken Arm 249, 259, 488, 498, 499; aesthetics/gender 261; anti-art 244, 253, 255, 256-7; Bottlerack 253; The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even 245; Comb 246; 'The Creative Act' 258; Descartes 259; de Duve 478; Fountain 246-7, 250-1, 253, 254, 257, 258, 261; Fresh Widow 260-1; gestural painting 511 Index Duchamp, Marcel (cont'd) 405; Kant 251; Large Glass 259; L.H.O.O.Q 247; parody 260; readymades 253, 255, 318, 321, 484, 500; reflex 259-60; Rendezvous of Sunday 245, 246; spectator 258-9; taste 246, 251, 255, 258; Trébuchet 259; Why Not Sneeze Rose Sélavy? 260 Dufresnoy, Charles-Alphonse 96 Dufy, Raoul 491 Duncan, Carol 282, 344 Dürer, Albrecht 46, 337, 338 Duret, Theodore 218 Dutch painting 95, 98-9, 120, 429 Dutton, Dennis 459 de Duve, Thierry 250-1; Duchamp 478; functions of art 256-7; readymades 250-1, 255, 256 Dvorák, Max 139, 426, 433 Eagleton, Terry 278, 279-80 Early Modern Period 62, 64-8 Eaton, Marcia 490 Echolot: oder 9 Fragen an die Peripherie 394 Eco, Umberto 310 edges 412,419 Eeckhout, Gebrand van den: Abraham and the Three Angels 413-17; denotation systems 415-17; drawing systems 415; false attachment 420 efflorescence 204,205-6 Egbert, Donald Drew 216 Eichendorff, Joseph 151 eidolon (picture) 22, 23 Eiffel, Gustave 329 Eiffel Tower 329,330,331-2 eikon (image) 19, 41 Eisenman, Stephen 282 Eisenstein, Sergi 334 elocutio 54 elocution 109-10 Elsen, Albert 398-9 Emerson, Caryl 296, 298 emotion: aesthetic 131; artists 165; creative process 161; gesture 110; rhetoric 111; Romanticism 152 End of Painting 17 Engels, Friedrich 267, 268-9, 271, 272, 273-5, 278 Enlightenment 226, 305 epic 298 epochal shifts 337, 340, 432-3 erotic 388, 391 essentialism 144, 479, 493 ethics 256, 381 Euripides 184 evolution theory 198 evolutionism 141 existential graphs 306,312 exoticism 180-1 experience 128-9; aesthetic 444; Benjamin 286; conceptual skills 11 ; expression 199; object of experience 468; subjectivity 156-7; works of art 210, 355-7 explanation, Wittgenstein 210 expression 163-5; experience 199; figures 13; gesture 111-12; Gombrich 141—2; individual 160, 161, 166-7; landscape painting 165; modernism 170-ln. 1; pain 207-8; pictorialism 170; representation 163-4, 170; Van Gogh 170; verbal/visual 180 Expressionism 164, 218; Blaue Reiter Almanach 190; content/form 190-1; Germany 183, 366; see also Abstract Expressionism Eyck, Jan van 8, 338 Fabriano, Gentile da 473 false attachment 419-20, 423-4-n. 6 false consciousness 278, 280 falsehood, Nietzsche 188-9 fame/fortune 6-7, 77 Farago, Claire 68 fascism 219, 221, 225 Fauvism 218, 220, 491 Félibien, André 14, 94-5, 100 feminism 380-1; differences between women 384-5, 392-3; Marxism 282, 283, 385; Postmodernism 381; rhizome concept 380, 394 Feminism and Art History: Qiiestioning the Litany 385 feminist aesthetics 391, 395 feminist art theory xvii—xviii, 478; avant-garde 226-7; body 388-9; Britain 383—4, 385, 386-7; centre/periphery 384-5, 388; Deconstruction 384; Foucault 385, 478; Germany 386; Iser 454; lesbianism 387, 388; Marxism 383—4; n.paradoxa journal 394-5; Postcolonialism 387; Poststructuralism 382, 388-9; psychoanalysis 385; United States 383, 386—7 512 Index fetish: Bourgeois 400; Freud 401,402; maternity 402-3; part-object 403-5; pleasure 402-3 Ficino, Marsilio 7, 45; Academia Platónica 45; De Amove 45, 46; Neoplatonists 46; Plato 58; Plotinus 40; syncretism 46; touch 62 figure/ground 481 Filarete, Antonio 53 film 224-5, 290, 391 Fine Arts 6, 318; craft 19, 89; philosophy 134; science 19; theory 101 Fish, Stanley 450, 454 Flaubert, Gustave 340 Florence: academies of art 59, 89, 90, 91, 105, 106-7, 110; Accademia del Disegno 89, 90, 106-7, 110; political supremacy 106 Fluxus 246, 318 Flynt, Henry 318 Folgarait, Leonard 282 folksongs 153 Fonvielle-Bontemps, Jacqueline 387 form 131-2, 148n. 2; Apollonian 189; Bell 131-2; colour 205, 491; content 133, 135, 139-40, 190-1, 202-3; contour 491; Neoplatonism 46; Plotinus 41,43; structure 10; style 190; subject matter 153 Formalism 478; aesthetics 130-2; art history 288-9; Fried 467-8; Fry 166, 478; Greenberg 166, 467-8, 472, 478; interpretation 459; Riegl 468; Russia 224; Wolfflin 288, 468, 472 Foster, H. 350 Foster, Hal 227 Foucault, Michel 370, 371; Discipline and Punish 342-3, 349; Enlightenment 305; epochal shifts 337, 340; feminist art theory 385, 478; L'histoire de la folie a l'âge classique 340-1; knowledge xviii, 474-5; language/image 341-2; Magritte 337, 341-2; museums 344—5; ocularcentrism 62; The Order of Things 337-8, 474; pleasure 345-6; power xviii, 343-5, 346; prisons 345; Renaissance artists 337-8; self 346-7; spectator/model 338; subjectivity 345; surveillance 349; Velasquez 337, 338M0; Warhol 342 Fourier, Charles 215 Framing Feminism: Art and the Women's Movement 385 France 85-6n. 3; Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture 91, 98, 104-5, 106-7, 113; aesthetic theory 154; art theory 112-13, 370-1; le beau idéal 47, 108; Communist Party 371; conférences 96,107,113; German Romanticism 155-6; influence 104; intellectuals 371; philosophy 372; politics 106-7, 371; Romanticism 150, 153, 154-7; sculptors 99-100; visualization 112 Frankfurt School 280 Frazer, James 196, 198 Fréart de Chambray, Roland 94, 100 free association 403-4 Freire, Paulo 270 Fresne, Roger du 112 Freud, Sigmund 370-1; castration 261; Deleuze 373; dreams 200, 201, 241; fetish 401, 402; free association 403—1; gender 261; Gombrich 431; humour 402; Leonardo 261; Nietzsche 183; Stokes 196; sublimation 187; Surrealism 431; Wittgenstein 197,199-200 Freund, E. 452 Fried, Michael: criticism 358n. 3; Diderot 16, 104; Formalism 467-8; Minimalism 322; reception theory 452 Friedrich, С. D. 151, 152, 362 Frisby, J. P. 427 Fromentin, Eugène 95 A Fruitful Incoherence 394 Fry, Roger: and Bell 131, 132, 218; Formalism 166,478; reality 491 Fuchs, Eduard 288 Fuller, P. 241 Functionalism 427-8 Fuseli, Henry 14, 108 Futurism 289,478 Gadamer, Hans-Georg 446-7n. 2, 452; conversation 443; hermencutics 438-9, 440, 442, 444; Nietzsche 440 Gaddi, Taddeo 483 Gaiger, Jason 215,216,217,257 Galileo Galilei 58 Gallop, Jane 404, 406 Gandelman, Claude 453 gardening, landscapes 119,122-3 Garrard, Mary D. 385 Gatt, Giuseppe 463-4 Gauguin, Paul: Butor 177-8; colour 491; distortion 131; Koa \oa 178,179-81; 513 Index Gauguin, Paul: (cont'd) writings 178-80; writings/paintings 181-2 gaze xviii, И, 391, 453; see also beholders; spectators Geist 469-70 gender xviii; academies of art 107-8; aesthetics 261; creativity 191; Freud 261; history 392-3; identity 261; institutions 382; music 191; power relations 382; sex 380; spectator 391; subjectivity 384, 389-90, 406; visual art 392 gender politics 405 Genette, Gérard 178 genius 5, 37, 92, 132-3, 459, 460-1 genre: Bakhtin 299, 301; breakdown 295; chronotope 299; Félibien 14; hierarchy 14, 93, 101; painting 93, 94, 95 geometry 8-10, 53, 107, 418 Germany: Expressionism 183, 366; feminist art theory 386; Neo-Kantians 292-3; New Left art history 281-2; Romanticism 150-1, 155-6; Trauerspiel 287—8 Gestalts 460-1,464 gesture 110; abstract art 375; aesthetic/nonaesthetic 314; Barthes 334-5; Bourgeois 403, 405; convention 429; emotion 110; expression 111-12; Nietzsche 191 Ghiberti, Lorenzo 5, 49, 53, 64-6 Giacometti, Alberto 401-2 Giambologna: Venus Urania 68 Gibson, J. J. 428-9,431,433 Giddens, Anthony 438 Gilbert-Rolfe, J. 349 Gilio, Giovan Andrea 51-2 Gilpin, William 117-19, 120, 122 Ginzburg, Carlo 140 Giordano, Luca 64 Giorgione 46 Giotto di Bondone 5, 299 Giulio Romano 57, 433 Glaser, В. 354 Clock, H.-J. 198, 200 Gnostics 44 God 29-30 Godel, Joan 6 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 150, 154, 155, 184, 287-8, 438 Goldberg, R. 188 Goldsmith, Oliver 121 Goldsmith, Steven 257 Goldstein, Carl 99, 104-5, 108 Golub, Leon 296 Gombrich, E. H.: Art and Illusion 144-5, 146, 147, 427, 429, 430; beholder's share 146, 147, 452, 455-6n. 1; epochal shifts 432-3; evolutionism 141; expression 141-2; Hegel 139-40, 143-4, 147; light 147; Marx 141, 145; 'Norm and Form' 146; perception 426-7; physiognomic fallacy 141-2, 148n. 1; projection 427; psychoanalysis 430-1; psychology 426, 473; 'The Realm and Range of the Image' 427; relativism 144; Riegl 426, 433; schemata 145, 147; The Sense of Order 427, 430; shadow 417; The Story of Art 428; substitute/relational model 429; viewpoint 421 Goodman, Nelson 148n. 3, 311 Gothic architecture 34-6 Goya y Lucientes, Francisco de 337, 340-1 Grabar, André 45 grace 58 Grace, Della 390 Grafton, Anthony 6 grammar 53 Gramsci, Antonio 270, 275-6, 279 Grand Style 108, 110-11 Gray, Thomas 117,118,119,121 Great Chain of Being 338 El Greco 45, 378n. 4 Greeks: art 19, 26, 135, 145, 426; moderation 346; pleasure 345-6; sculpture 135; self 346 Greenberg, Clement: Abstract Expressionism 171n. 4; avant-garde 215, 221-5, 226; 'Avant-Garde and Kitsch' 215, 222, 224, 225; Formalism 166, 467-8, 472, 478; Kosuth 255-6; Minimalism 321, 322; Modern Art 132, 319, 321; 'Towards a Newer Laocoon' 222; Van Gogh 169-70 Greenhalgh, Michael 15 Gregory, Richard 431 Gregory the Great, Pope 50 Gris, Juan 423^fn. 6 Grossman, J. 450 Grosz, Elizabeth 384 ground/figure 481 Guardi, Francesco 428 Guattari, Félix 372, 373, 377 Guilbaut, Serge 283 guilds 89, 91, 93 514 Index Haackc, Hans 344-5 Habermas, J. 346 Hacker, P. M. S. 201 Hadjinicoloau, Nicos 216, 217, 218, 219, 283, 473 Hagbcrg, Garry L. 198, 199, 210 Hagen, M. 411,429-30 Hale, J. R. 106 Hall, James 62, 63, 64 Halley, P. 349 hallucination 21 Hamann, Johann Georg 286 handbooks: see art handbooks hands in art 68, 71 Hanna, E. 419 Haraway, Donna 390 Harding, Sandra 380-1 Hardwick, Charles 305, 306, 312 harmony 4, 129, 206 Harris, Ann Sutherland 383, 385 Harrison, Charles 215, 216, 217, 241n. 1 Harrison, E 310 Hart, Joan 472 Haskell, Francis 470 Hauser, Arnold 281, 282, 473 Hecht, Peter 68 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich 133-7; aesthetics 127,469; content/form 135, 139-40; contextualism 145-6; Dilthey 144; Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences 134; Geist 469-70,472; Gombrich 139-10, 143-1, 147; phenomenology 286; Phenomenology of Spirit 134; philosophy of history 139; Ricoeur 439; Riegl 136, 140, 144; spectators 455; Wölfflin 136-7, 144 Hcgelianism 140, 142, 143 hegemony 275-6 Heidegger, Martin 337, 363, 446n. 2; conversation 333, 443; hermeneutics 438-9; Merleau-Ponty 333; Nietzsche 183, 440 Heidelberger Romantik 151 Hein, Hilde 395 Heine, Heinrich 151 Held, Jutta 282 Helen of Troy 56, 99 Herbart, Johann Friedrich 471 Herder, Johann 111, 150, 286, 469 hermeneutics 446n. 1; aesthetics 441—4, 445-6; art practice 444-6; art theory 436-41; biblical interpretation 437; defamiliarization 446; Gadamer 438-9, 440, 442, 444; Heidegger 438-9; human sciences 437-8; intuition 444; Kant 442; meaning 443—1; phenomenology 438-9; transformation 441-2; works of art 436, 442 Hermes 436-7 Herodotus 429 Herwitz, Daniel 371 Hesse, Eva 405 heterogeneity 363, 364 Heywood, Ian 446n. 1 High Renaissance 141-2 Hildebrand, Adolf von 61, 471 Hiller, Susan 383 Himin, Lubaina 387 Hinz, Berthold 282 Hirst, Damien 256, 479-80, 485 historical collectivism 143 historical materialism 271-2, 273 historicist necessitarianism 143 historicity 143; art 427-8, 442, 482; difference 483—1; works of art 136-7, 452-3, 477-8 history: cultural 288-9; difference 483-4; feminist theory 383; gender 392-3; Marx 268-9,270; psychology 426 history painting 14; academic artists 96-7; art theory 95; authority 94-5, 96; genre 93; humanistic theory of painting 97; Royal Academy 107; self-consciousness 299; see also istoria Hobsbawm, E. J. 268 Hoffmann, E. T. A. 151, 153, 155-6 Hogarth, William 122 Holbein, Hans, the Younger 372 Holland, Norman 450 Holly, Michael Ann 467, 468 Holquist, Michael 294 Holt, Elizabeth G. 37, 38 Holy Trinity (Novgorod icon) 414-15, 424n. 7; denotation systems 418-23; drawing systems 417-18; spatial systems 422 Homer 22 homoioma (likeness) 19, 23 homophobia 344 homunculus 200 hooks, bell 393 Horace: decorum 25; nt pictura poesis doctrine 92, 98, 108, 176 Horizon 222 Horkheimer, Max 280 515 Index Horowitz, Gregg 139 Howard, R. 329-30, 330 Howard Wise Gallery 319 Howes, David 62 Huebler, Douglas 322 Huffman, D. A. 419 Hugh of St Victor 34-5 human sciences 437-8 Humanism: Alberti 5; rhetoric 105-6; theory of art 52-9, 93, 97 humanity/nature 152, 293—4 Hume, David 119,123 humour 402 Hungarian Revolution 281 Hungary 282 Hunt, John Dixon 120 Husserl, Edmund 451 hylomorphic theory 35 Iamblichus 40 ICA, London 319 icon painting 414-15, 417-23; colour 421; drapery 419; function 423; lighting 421; perspective 418; spatial systems 421, 422 iconicity 427; and indexes 314; signs 303, 308-9, 310,311,312,313,427, 428 iconoclasm 30-1, 49, 50, 51 iconography 30, 51, 147 idea 54-5, 90; aesthetic 132-3; association 119-22; Bellori 105, 107; Conceptual Art 320; Neoplatonists 46, 47; painterly values 244; Panofsky 46; Plato 24,41; Raphael 46; visual art 324; Zuccaro 90, 105 ideal 46, 152, 153; le beau idéal 47, 108 identification, projective 209 identity 204, 261, 499 ideology xvii; Althusser 349; false consciousness 278; Marx 277-81; power 280-1; works of art 277 ideoscopy 306,308 idolatry 31, 50 illusion 21, 27, 99, 145 images 4; didactic 50, 51; inspirational 50, 51; language 341-2; mnemonic 50, 51; Philostratus 21; Plato 21; Reformation 50-1; religious 31, 50; representation 428, 432; Roman Catholicism 49; texts 375, 449; word 286-7, 290, 342, 371, 453; see also eikon imagination 12, 21, 24, 145, 452 imitare 55 imitation 19, 98-9; art/nature 90, 91; Old Masters 108; Renaissance art 55-6; Rubens 100; teaching of art 108; see also mimesis imitative theory 490-2; see also mimesis Impressionism 167, 217, 429 improvisation 235-6 indexicality: avant-garde 313, 314-15; Modern Art 313; signs 303,305,309, 312, 313-14 individual: aesthetic experience 444; autonomy 162; expression 160, 161, 166-7; normalization 343 individuality 85, 160-1 ingegno 1 Ingres, J.-A.-D. 160-1 innovation 365-6 inspiration 7,91 institutional theory 490; art world 248-50; creativity 501-2; criticisms 496-7; Dickie 248-50, 251, 493, 501; intentionality 494; readymades 254-5; works of art 502 institutions 487; art-object 493; art world 497-8; gender 382; works of art 497 intellect 45; aesthetics 20, 26; beauty 42-3, 44; Plotinus 41; soul 41-2 intellectualism 324, 329, 332, 371 intentionality 229-30, 431; Adorno 241n. 2; artist 443, 445; authorial 241n. 1; beginning 240; Cézanne 207, 209-10; Conceptual Art 323; De Man 231-2, 233, 238, 240; Derrida 241n. 2; description 211-12; Dilthey 438; dreams 234-5, 238, 240-1; institutionalism 494; Johns 229, 234-5, 236, 237; Modern Art 238-9; readymades 258; visual 455; Wimsatt and Beardsley 229-30; Wittgenstein 238, 24In. 2; Wollheim 229, 230, 231, 237; works of art 231-2 interactionism 462-3 interdisciplinarity 174, 467, 469-75 internality/externality 353-4 interpretation: anti-essentialism 450; art practice 444-5; biblical 437; creativity 461-2, 463, 464, 465; cultural artefacts 439; de Man 239; description 458; Formalism 459; interpreted work 465; metaphor 459; Nietzsche 442; originary moment 448-9; works of art 442 intoxication 184, 187-8 516 Index intuition/concepts 444 inventio (mental image) 25, 54 invention 91, 109-10, 112, 159; see also creativity Irigaray, Luce 62, 192, 478 Irwin, David 99 Iser, Wolfgang: aesthetics 449; feminist critics 454; Fish 454; reading 452, 454-5; reception aesthetics 451-2 Islam 29, 31, 40 istoria 12; Alberti 14, 57; Modernism 15; Postmodernism 15; soul 13; see also history painting Italy: academies of art 59, 88, 91, 106, 107, 110, 113; Renaissance 45-7, 49; sculpture 64-8 Iversen, Margaret 61,453,471 Jaar, Alfredo 298 Jakobson, Roman 330 Jameson, Fredric 271 Janeo, iMarcel 245 Japanese drawings 412 Jarzombeck, Mark 6 Jaskot, Paul 282 Jauss, H. L. 449, 450, 451, 453, 456n. 1 Jay, Martin 62, 63, 344, 371, 372 Jefferv, Francis 119 Jena Romantik 150-1 Johannot, A. 160-1 John of Salisbury 32-3 Johns, Jasper: beginning 230-1, 240; Flag 230-1, 235-7, 238-9, 240-1; gestural painting 405; intentionality 229, 234—5, 236, 237; Neo-Dadaist 405; number paintings 491; paint handling 353, 502; Target with Plaster Casts 405-6 Jones, Owen 305 Jones, P. M. 107 Joyce, James 364, 366 Judaism 29, 31 Judd, Don 318, 321, 323, 354-5, 356, 358n. 3 Justinian 40 Kabakov, Ilya 300 Kandinsky, Wassily 62; abstraction 174, 317; Barr 221; Blau Reiter Almanach 190; colour 342; writings 175-6 Kant, Immanuel: aesthetics 122, 130-1, 132-3, 250, 251, 256, 257-8, 292-3; art theory 127; Bakhtin 293; beauty 122, 123, 127-8, 133; Benjamin 286; concepts/intuition 444; Critique of Judgement 127-8, 137n. 2, 150, 257, 351; Critique of Practical Reason 127; Critique of Pure Reason 127, 129, 151-2; disinterestedness 257-8, 260, 261; Duchamp 251; Enlightenment 226; genius 132-3, 459, 460-1; hermeneutics 442; morality 133; originality 482; sublime 122, 123, 127-8, 137n. 3, 362, 363; transcendental philosophy 362; truth 128; works of art 133 Kaprow, Allan 318 Karlstatd, Andreas 50 Kassel Documenta 480 Katz, David 203-4 Kelly, Mary 384 Kemp, Martin 15n. 1; Leonardo 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84; perspective 6, 416 Kemp, Wolfgang 282, 449-50, 451, 452 Kennedy, J. M. 431 Kennick, W. E. 503n. 1 Kiefer, Anselm 17 Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig 164, 187 Klapisch-Zuber, Christiane 66 Klee, Paul 10, 418 Klein, Cecilia 282 Klein, Melanie 196, 202, 403-5, 406 Klein, Robert 69, 71 Kleist, Heinrich 151 Klingender, Francis 281 Knight, Richard Payne 119, 120-1, 123 knowing/seeing 390-1 knowledge, Foucault 474-5 Koenderink, J. J. 419 Koerner, J. 452 Koons, Jeff 256 Korsch, Karl 270, 280 Kosuth, Joseph 247, 255-6, 322, 323 Kozlov, Christine 248 Kramskoi, Ivan 299 Krauss, Rosalind 349; Bourgeois 397; Brancusi 398-9; Duchamp 261; indexicality 314; readymades 258 Krausz, Michael 459 Kris, Ernst 426, 431 Kristeller, Р. О. 427 Kristeva, Julia 331, 349, 478 Kroeber, Alfred 72n. 5 Kropotkin, Peter 219 Kruger, Barbara 343 Kulturkritik 281 517 Index Kusama, Yayoi 405 Kunstmuseum 319 La Font de Saint Yenne 15 Lacan, Jacques 349, 385, 404, 478 Ladin, Jav 298 Lake District 117 Lancret, Nicolas 483 landscape gardening 119,122-3 landscape painting 22-3, 120, 165, 299 landscapes 119-20,165-6,429 Langdon, H. 112 language: art 105, 325, 495-6; Barthes 327, 330-1; figurative 459; image 341-2; intellectualism 332; meaning 432; painting 108; Peirce 305; private 495; Reynolds 108; semiotics 371-2; signs 305; Stokes 208; style 461; theology 422; Wittgenstein 197-9, 207-8, 495 langue/parole 328,332,333,352 Laocoön sculpture 99-100, 176 Laplanche, J. 200, 201, 400, 403, 404, 406 Latin America 282 Lavers, Annette 331 Lebrun, Charles 13, 96, 107 Lee, Anthony 282 Lee, Rensselar W. 92, 93, 94, 96 LEF group 224 Lefebvre, Henri 280 Lenin, V. I. 218, 269-70, 278 Leo of Ostia 37 Leonardo da Vinci: Accademia Vinciana 106; art theory 98; denotation rules 416; drawing 431; Freud 261; lighting 80; mirrors 81; Mona Lisa 300; notations 429; painters 76-7; paragone debate 58, 111; perspective 483; pigments 78-9; salaried position 53; self-criticism 80-1; self-objectification 83M-; Trattato delta pittura 49, 112; working methods 75-6, 78, 82-3,90, 109, 431 lesbianism 387, 388, 391 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim xvii, 92-3, 176 Leto, Pomponio 106 Lévi-Strauss, Claude 328-30 Lcvinas, Emmanuel 295, 391 LeWitt, Sol 320, 321, 323 liberal arts 52-3, 95, 101 Liberty, Statue of 329 Libri Carolini 30-2, 31 Lichtenberg-Ettinger, Bracha 383 Lichtenstein, Roy 170, 491 Lied 153 lifelikeness 22-3, 26, 44 light metaphor 36 fighting 80,147,420,421 Lindberg, David C. 63 line drawings 413 fines 9,412,418-19 Linker, К. 350 Lippard, Lucy 383, 400 Lipps, Theodor 292 Lipton, Eunice 282 Lissitsky, El 366 literature 154, 453 Locke, John 63, 119 Lomazzo, Gian Paolo 47,51,90,97,99 Long, Richard 296 Longinus 92, 122, 362 Lorde, Audre 388 Lossky, V. 422 Loti, Pierre 180 Louis XIV 107 Louth, A. 437 Löwy, Emanuel 426 Lukács, Georg 270, 280, 281, 282, 473 Luke, T. W. 345 Luther, Martin 50 Lyas, Colin 503n. 5 Lyotard, Jean-François 370, 371; 'Anima Minima' 367; avant-garde sublime 366-8; Cézanne 364, 365; creativity 484; The Différend: Phrases in Dispute 363-4; Discours, figure 370, 372; heterogeneity 363, 364; innovation 366; Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime 362; Newman 337, 361; Postmodern Condition 366; style 367-8; sublime 361, 362-3 McCloskey, Barbara 282 Macdonald, Dwight 224-5 McGinn, M. 198, 199 Mach, David 485 Macherey, Pierre 283 Machiavelli, N. 275 McLellan, David 268, 274 McMahon, A. P. 75-6 made object 477 Magritte, René 337, 341-2 Malevich, Kasimir 317, 366, 481, 500 Mallarmé, S. 181, 288 Malraux, André 142 xMandelbaum, Maurice 488-9 Manet, Edouard 17, 282, 296, 313, 344 518 Index maniera (style) 55 'Manifesto: For a Free Revolutionary Art' 224 Mantegna, Andrea 53 Mantz, Paul 166 Manutius, Aldus 106 Mapplethorpe, Robert 397, 398, 401, 403, 405-6 Maravall, J. A. 338 Marc, Franz 190 Marcuse, Herbert 280 Maria, Walter de 247 Mariátegui, José Carlos 270, 279 Marinetti, Emilio 219 marks 160-1; Abstract Expressionism 375-6; picture primitives 412, 423n. 2; signs 334 Marr, David 411-12 Martin, André 329 Martin, Lee 390 Martinez, K. 419 Marx, Karl: alienation 233-4, 280; art 473; base/superstructure 272; class struggle 272—4; commodity fetishism 279; Communist Manifesto 273—4, 274-5; dialectics 270; Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte 275; The German Ideology 268, 277-8, 279; Gombrich 141, 145; The Grandisse 272; history 268-9, 270; ideology 277-81; Introduction to a Critique of Political Economy 271, 272, 275; Kapital 233, 271, 273-4, 279; Marxism 267; as postHegelian 269, 270-1; production modes 272; Read 219; revolutionaries 283; state 274-5; Theses on Feuerbach 271; works of art 271-2 Marxism: art history 473; art theory xvii, 281; Benjamin 270, 279, 473; communism 267; dialectics 270-1; feminism 282, 283, 385; feminist art theory 383-4; French intellectuals 371; Poulantzas 276-7; semiotics 282; weaknesses 267-8 Masaccio 53, 106, 429, 473; Alberti 5; Expulsion from Paradise 12-13, 159 masculinities 381 Masson, André 333 maternity 402-3 mathematics 8, 29; see also geometry; perspective Matisse, Henri 170, 175, 176 Maximus of Tyre 25 Mayakovsky, Vladimir 220, 224 meaning: action 437-8; art 431-2,477; artifact 477; Derrida 352-3, 357; hermeneutics 443-4; language 432; metaphor 462-3; signs 478-9; visual art 431-2; Wittgenstein 239; word 352-3; works of art 445 mechanical arts 52-3, 101 mechanical reproduction 282, 289 media/art 318-19 Medici, Cosimo de' 45 Medici, Cosimo I de' 89 medieval: art handbooks 37-8, 56, 59, 97; art theory 29; Classicism 29; cosmology 32; perspective 483; Plato 29, 30; sign xvii; touch 62; transcendental perfection of being 31 meditational aids 50 Mehring, Franz 269, 278 Melot, Michel 283 memoria 54 memory 62, 63, 109-10 Mendelsohn, Leatrice 62, 68, 71 mental images 20-1, 24—5, 26-7, 54 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice: Barthes 332-3; historicity of art 482; phenomenology 328, 391, 477; politics 371; touch 70; works of art 477-8 metaphor 36; analogy 462; Aristotle 461; interactionism 462-3; interpretation 459; meaning 462-3; and simile 464; visual 63; works of art 461-2 metaphysical optimism 143—4 metaphysics 36 metatextuality 178 Michelangelo 7, 53, 68, 70-1, 88-9; Accademia del Disegno 106; The Creation of Adam 338; disegno 56; drawing 10; Fréart de Chambray 100; hand 71; nude 57; perspective 483; and Raphael 56-7; touch 64 Michelson, Annette 405 Milan: Accademia Ambrosiana 107, 113; Accademia Vinciana 106 Miles, Margaret R. 299 Miliband, Ralph 277 mimema 24-5; Aristotle 22; dreams 21; man-made 19, 21; models 23—1; pictures 22, 26-7; Plato 20 mimesis 19-20; genre painting 95; mental images 24,26-7; music 23; Plato 76; recognition 427 mind/body 259, 389, 499 519 Index Minerva 7-8 Minh-Ha, Trinh T. 387 Minimalism 321,322, 356-7, 478 Minio, Ciulio Camillo del 56 mirrors 81 Mitchell, W. J. T. 279, 311, 448-9 modelling/carving 204-5,205-6 models 23—4, 163, 338 moderation 346 Modern Art 4, 17; avant-garde 215-16; Conceptual Art 321; criticism 356; curatorial mediation 480-1; Formalism 132; Greenberg 132, 319, 321; indexicality 313; intentionality 238-9; sculpture 321, 398, 400-1; self-consciousness 239; self-criticism 322-3; sublime 366; visual/verbal 324 modern masters 220-1, 221 Modernism 5, 17, 170-ln. 1, 175; Benjamin 289 Modernity 287-9 Molanus (Van der Meulen) 51 Molyneux, William 63 Alona Lisa 247, 300 Monchaux, Cathy de 391 Mondrian, Piet 174, 175, 176, 317, 331, 375, 378n. 3 Monet, Claude 296,297,313 monologism 296-7 Montagu, Ashley 62 morality 133, 295-6, 346; art and 14,31 Morgan, Michael J. 63 Morgan, Thaïs 344 Morice, Charles 179-80 Morisot, Berthe 296 Moritz, Karl Philipp 345 Morris, Charles 428 Morris, Robert 247, 321, 323 Morson, Gary Saul 296 mosaics 30 motion parallax 420 Moxey, Keith 467, 468 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 502 Mras, G. P. 155 Mueller, Max 141 Müller, Michael 282 iMulvev, Laura 478 Munch, Edvard 164 Murry, John Middleton 212n. 1 muses 176 Museum of Modern Art, New York 220-1, 319, 400, 401,405-6 museums 344-5, 356 music 53; beauty 25-6; gender 191; mimesis 23; picturesque 122; plot 185 mutation 376-7 Muybridge, Edward 376 mysticism 33, 35, 91 mythology 62-3, 299, 330 naivety in painting 166, 168 Napoleon 154, 277-8, 344 Napoleon III 275 narrative, representation 94, 98-9 Nash, John 121 nation states 89 naturalism 46, 55, 166-7, 430 nature: Alberti 10-12, 82; art 8-9, 33, 56-7, 90, 120; beauty 25, 34-5, 44, 134-5; culture 389; humanity 152, 293—4; landscape 165-6 Naumann, Bruce 247, 248 Nazarenes 151 Nazism 225 Nead, Lynda 385 Nelson, Robert S. 226 Neoclassicism 46, 189 Neo-Dadaism 405,478 Neoimpressionism 217 Neo-Kantianism 292-3,472-3 Neoplatonism 40, 58-9; beauty 46; Byzantine aesthetics 44; Ficino 46; Florentine 46; form 46; ideas 47; medieval times 29, 30, 32; metaphysics 36; touch 62; Victorines 34-5 Nero, Emperor 57 Nerval, Gérard de 155 Neurath, Walter 427 New Art Flistory xvii, 281, 283, 453 New Criticism 230, 233 New Left art history 226, 281-2 New Zealand 386, 389 Newman, Barnett: Lyotard 337, 361; reciprocity 170; structural format 481; titles of works 365; The Voice 360, 367 Nicaea, Second Council of 31 Nicaraguan Revolution 270 Nietzsche, Friedrich 370-1; artists 183; Beyond Good and Evil 183; The Birth oj Tragedy 184, 185-6, 188, 191, 193; The Case of Wagner 191; childbirth 192-3; creative process 188; creature/creator 183; Deleuze 373, 377-8; Derrida 183, 191; Dionysian/Apollonian 184-6, 188-9, 520 Index 191; falsehood 188-9; Freud 183; Gadamer 440; The Gay Science 188, 191-2; Heidegger 183, 440; Human, All Too Human 190-1; influence 183M, 370-1, 378n. 5; interpretation 442; philosophy of becoming 377-8; physiology 189, 192-3; pregnancy 192-3; Raphael 188-9, 190; sexuality 187, 192; style 189-90, 191, 194n. 3; subjectivism 441; sublimation 186, 187, 189, 192; Thus Spake Zarathustra 192; tragedy 184-6, 187; Twilight of the Idols 193; Vattimo 439; will to power 186-7, 373, 440; The Will to Power 183, 187, 188; women 192 nihilism 244,247 Nitsch, Hermann 188 Nochlin, Linda 282, 383, 385 noeisis (thought) 20 nominalism 493—4 nonaesthetic 261 non-art objects 357 nonsense 245 notation 427,429 Nouveaux Réalistes 246 Novalis 152 novatio 366; see also innovation Novgorod icon 414-15, 417-23 n.paradoxa journal 394—5 nude studies 11, 57, 80, 107 Numenius 40 numerology 33 objects: ambiguity 499; disclosure 350; experience 468; good/bad 202,203; identity 499; indiscernibles 500; non-art 357; subjectivity 454, 455; see also art objects; part-object occlusion 418 October Revolution 270 ocularcentrism 62, 63, 72n. 2 Ogden, C. K. 431-2 old masters 108, 467 Old Mistresses: Women, Art and Ideology 385 Oldenburg, Claes Thure 491 Olin, Margaret 61, 62, 63, 64 Olkowski, D. 375 One 41,42-3,44 Van Opstal, Gerard 100 optics 63 optimism, metaphysical 143-4 orators 15, 109; see also rhetoric originality 482 Orlan 389 orlo (rim) 9 ornamental art 57 Orton, Fred 282-3 Ossian 150 Ouspenskv, L. 422 Outhwaite, W. 438 Oud 14 Owens, Craig 343, 349 Pace, Claire 94 Pacheco, Francesco 51 paganism 154,433 pain 188, 193, 207-8 painters: artisans 99; Cennino 76-7, 82-3; hired 79; individuality 160-1; mirrors 81; Modernism 175; motivation 77, 78; poverty 77; sculptors 69; self-criticism 80-1; self-discipline 76, 77, 80, 81-2, 346; self-regulation 163, 166; status 90; vocation 76-7; see also artists painting 5, 6, 101; action 109-10; beauty 6, 15-16, 25-6, 134-5; disposition 109-10; elocution 109-10; female body 16; genres 93, 94, 95; harmony 206; intellectual pursuit 53; invention 109-10; language 108; Leonardo 75-6; liberal arts 52-3, 95, 101; memory 109-10; moral authority 14; naivety 166, 168; narrative 16, 94; Pino 57; poetry 92-3, 96, 121, 176-7; purity 132; reading 287, 288; Realism 10, 11-12; as science 75, 84; sculpture 58, 63-5; semiotics 174; standards 106; style 110; tactile values 61-2, 63, 65, 69; universality 57 Paleotti, Gabriele 51 Pannenberg, W. 437 Panofsky, Erwin 13, 282; architecture 304; Gombrích 426; idea 46; Neo- Kantianism 472-3; perspective 13; Suger 35-6; viewpoint 62; Yillard 37 paradigmatic relations 330 paragone debate 6, 58, 68-70, 111 parallax 420 parergon, Derrida 351-2, 353-4 Paris Commune 217 Parker, Cornelia 485 Parker, Roszika 385 Parmigianino 56 parody: Bourgeois 402, 403; Duchamp 260 parole/langue 328, 332, 333, 352 521 Index part-object 403-5, 406, 407n. 6 Partisan Review 222, 223—4, 225 Passavant, Johann David 468 Passion (Suiter) 387-8 pathos 185 patriarchy 386 patrons 54, 89, 433 Patton, Paul 370 Payant, René 314 Pearson, D. 419 Pedretti, C. 84 Peirce, Charles Sanders: aesthetics 315; existential graphs 306, 312; invention of language 305; pictographic drawings 306—10; semiotics xvii, 303, 305-6, 312—13; visuality 304-6,312 penis 402, 404, 406; see also phallus perception 21, 45, 411-12, 426—7, 428-9, 501 performance art 318-19,343, 387 performativity 388, 393-4 periodization of art history 142, 146-7 perspective 12, 13, 482-3; Alberti 7-8, 9-10, 12-13, 16; artificial 7-8, 13; atmospheric 416; Classicism 482-3; drawing systems 412-13; Early Modern Period 62; icon paintings 418; inverted 44-5, 412-13, 418, 422; linear 9, 63, 107, 108, 418; mathematical 8-10, 483; medieval times 483; Michelangelo 483; Panofsky 13; Poussin 483; Raphael 483; Realism 422; subjectivity 62; transformation 418; Wölfflin 411 Peruzzi, Baldassare 57 Peterson, Elmer 258 Pevsner, Sir Nikolaus 86n. 5, 104 phallus 401,406; Bourgeois 397-401; Lacan 404; penis 404,406 phantasia 21,24 phantasy 202, 209 Pheidias 25,43 phenomenology: Hegel 286; hermeneutics 438-9; Merleau-Ponty 328, 391, 477; perception 501; self/other 295; visual thinking 452 Philip IV of Spain 338, 339 Philo 24 philosophy 134, 136; aesthetics 47, 161; France 372; of history 139; Nietzsche 377-8 Philostratus 21, 24 photography 162; Arbus 299-300; art 376; Bacon 376; Barthes 335; Benjamin 290; detail 429; newspapers 412, 423n. 1; Prince 350 Picasso, Pablo 17, 366, 464, 484 Pico dclla Mirándola, Comte 40 pictographic drawings, Peirce 306-10 pictorialism 164, 167-8, 170, 237 picture-making 162 pictures: denotation systems 411, 412-13; drawing systems 411, 412-13; likenesses 22-3; marks 412, 423n. 2; mimema 22, 26-7; modelled 204-5; Plato 22; primitive 412, 423n. 2; representational systems 411-12; spatial systems 411-12; titles 173-4; see also painting picturesque 116-17; amateur painters 117, 123; architecture 121; association of ideas 119-22; composition 117-19; Gilpin 117-19; influence 117, 123; Knight 119, 120-1, 123; landscapes 118, 119-20; music 122; nature/art 120; pictorialism 168; Price 122-3; tonality 121; tourism 117-18, 119; Virgil 121 Piero della Francesca 16, 49 pigments 78-9 de Piles, Roger 92, 100 Pino, Paolo 49, 56, 57, 66 Piper, Adrian 382-3 Pissarro, Camille 217 Plato 24, 36; academy in Athens 106; Cratylus 22; creativity 460; dreams 20, 21, 27; Ficino 58; ideas 24, 41; images 21; as influence on medieval times 29, 30; mimema 20; mimesis 76; music 23; pictures 22; Republic 5, 24, 491; Sophist 21, 22; Symposium 45, 58; Timaeus 35; touch 62; translations 45; vision 63 pleasure: Barthes 331-2; body 332; fetish 402-3; Foucault 345-6; Greek/Christian 345-6; intoxication 187-8; maternity 402-3; power 391 Plekhanov, Georgi 269, 275 Pleynet, Marcelin 175-7, 180, 181 Pliny the Elder 25, 56, 145, 429 Plotinus 23-4, 26, 29, 30, 40-5, 47 Podro, Michael 61, 140, 470, 471 poetics, visual 30 Poetik und Hermeneutik journal 450 poetry: painting 92-3, 96, 121, 176-7; performance 387; symbolism 152 poiesis (production) 24-5 point 8-9 522 Index Pointillism 412, 423n. 1 politics 32-3; acstheticization 288-9; extremism 221; French 106-7,371 Pollard, Ingrid 387 Pollock, Griselda 282-3, 383-4, 385-6, 478 Pollock, Jackson 313, 314-15 polyphony 297 Pontalis, J.-B. 200, 201, 400, 403, 404, 406 pop art 478 Popper, Karl 140-1, 143, 144-5, 430, 456n. 1 Porphyry 23—4,40-1,44 portraiture 23M, 46, 299, 390 Positivism 259, 260 Postcolonialism 387 postcuratorial art 480, 485 Postimpressionist art 131 post-Kantianism 477 Postmodernism xviii—xix; abstract art 17; art 17, 477; commodity 280; Derrida 351; feminism 381; istoria 17; novatio 366; sublime 366 Poststructuralism 370, 377, 382, 388-9, 474 Potts, Alex 469 Poulantzas, Nicos 276-7 Poussin, Nicolas 92, 112; antique studies 100; composition 15, 17, 107, \\l\Eliezer am! Rebecca 96; form 131; perspective 483; Plotinus 47 poverty 77 Powell, Kirsten H. 62, 64 power: Foucault xviii, 343-5, 346; gender 382; ideology 280-1; knowledge xviii; pleasure 391; production 343; sexuality 343-4; state 276-7; truth 346 practice 4, 7, 89, 90, 105, 176 pragmatists 501 praxis/theory 185, 392 Praxiteles 429 pre-Byzantine art 30 pregnancy 192-3 Price, Uvedale 122 Pries, Christine 361 Primaticcio, Francesco 56 primitive art 427 Prince, Richard 350 printing 49, 288 prisons 345 Proclus 40 production modes 272, 343, 344 progress, Hegelianism 142 projection: axonometric 418; culture 429-30; drawing systems 412-13; Gombrich 427; oblique 412-13; orthogonal 412-13; Stokes 206-7 pronuntiatio 54 proportion: architecture 32; body 32, 84; Cistercian 35; composition 6; theory 108 Protestantism 421 protoindustrialization 79 Proudhon, Pierre Joseph 217 Proust, Marcel 311,366 Pseudo-Dionysius 29, 30, 36 psychoanalytic theory xviii; art history 406; Deleuze 373; feminist art theory 385; Gombrich 430-1; looking at pictures 210; reasons/causes 212n. 3; Stokes 196, 201-5; unconscious 200, 201; Warburg 472; Wittgenstein 199-201 psychologism 145 psychology: art/society 471; behaviourism 259, 260; culture 432-3; Gombrich 426, 473; history 426 purity in painting 132 Puttfarken, Thomas 14 Pythagoras 25-6,29 Quatremère de Quincy, A. C. 159-60, 171n. 2 queer theory 388 Quintilian 15, 54, 109, 110, 111 Rabinowitz, P. 450 race 387-8,393 radicalism: artists 217-18, 225; avant-garde 217,218-21 Rahv, Philip 225 Rainer, Arnulf 188 Ramsden, M. 324 Raphael 107, 468; assistants 79; decorum 100; Expulsion from Paradise 159; High Renaissance 141-2; idea 46; and Michelangelo 56-7; Nietzsche 188-9, 190; perspective 483; Quatremère 159-60; symmetry 56; Zuccaro 57 Raphael, Max 281 Rauschenberg, Robert 318, 353, 491 Read, Herbert 218-19 Read, R. 202, 204, 212n. 2 reader-response criticism 7In. 1 readers/beholders 448 523 Index reading 450; Iser 452, 454-5; modes 541-2; painting 287, 288; text/imagination 452 readymades 246—7; anti-art 249, 250, 484; Bürger 254; Conceptual Art 246, 319; Dadaism 253, 255; Danto 254—5; Dickie 254—5; disinterestedness 257-8; Duchamp 253, 255, 318, 321, 484, 500; de Duve 250-1, 255, 256; institutional theory 254—5; intentionality 258; Kantian aesthetics 256; Kosuth 255; Krauss 258; multivalence 254; Wollheim 253—4 Realism 36-7; aesthetic 131; Alberti 10-13; Classicism 5; Danto 17n. 2; Italian painting 421; mimetic 37; Nouveaux Réalistes 246; perceptual 421; perspective 422; representation 142-3; verisimilitude 14 reality 11-12,41,491 rebus 310 reception aesthetics 449-50, 451-2, 454 reception history 450-1 reception theory 7In. 1; art history 448-50; developments 450-4 reciprocity principle 170, 481, 482, 484-5 reductionism 472 Reed,John 223 Rees, A. L. 283 reflexology 259-60 Reformation 49, 50-2 Régnier, J.-D. 206, 212— 13n. 4 reification 280 Reinhardt, Ad 323 relational model 429 relativism 144, 391-2 religion 31-2, 50; see also Christianity; Islam; Judaism religious art 113, 378n. 4; see also icon painting Rembrandt 429 Renaissance: creative process 53-4, 431; Foucault 337-8; imitation 55-6; individuality 85; Italy 45-7, 49; liberal arts 52-3; paganism 433; patrons 54; perspective 483; Plotinus 40; representation 58; Roman Catholicism 50; spectator 58; style 55 Renoir, Auguste 296 Repin, Ilya 299 representation 31; body-soul unit 26; culture 371-2; Deleuzc 374; Dutch painting 95; expression 163-4,170; image 428, 432; mimesis 19-20; narrative 94, 98-9; painting 6; perspective 13; pictures 411-12; Realism 142-3; Renaissance 58; will 185-6 reproduction 282, 289 r e s / v e r b a 1 1 1 revolutionaries 283 Reynolds, Sir Joshua: Discourses on .írt 14, 93, 105, 107-8; genre painting 95; Humanistic theory of painting 93; language 108; visualization 112 Rhees, Rush 197 rhetoric 53, 105, 108-12; Alberti 11,105; Cicero 6, 11, 54, 108; decorum 110; emotion 111; epideictic 111; Quintilian 109, 111; sublime 362; teaching of 109; visualization 112, 113; writing 109-10 rhizome concept: Deleuze 373, 375; feminism 380, 394 Ribera, Jusepe de 63, 6S Richard of St Victor 34 Richards, I. A. 431-2,463 Richter, Hans 246-7 Richter, J. R 77, 78 Ricoeur, P. 239, 439 Riegl, Alois 282; art history 470; cultural history 288; Formalism 468; Gombrich 426, 433; Hegel 136, 140, 144; interdisciplinarité 472; Kunstmollen 144, 471; reception theory 453; tactility 61 Riffaterre, Michael 450 Rifkin, Adrian 276 Rimbaud, Arthur 217, 218 Ringgold, Faith 383 Ripa, Cesare 64 ritrar re 55 Rivera, Diego 224, 277 Rochlitz, Rainer 346 Rodin, Auguste 398 Rodriguez, Olinde 216 Roman Catholicism 49, 50, 421 Romanesque 33-4 Romanticism 218; Classicism 5, 153, 154; creativity 152-3; emotion 152; folk songs 153; France 150, 153, 154-7; Germany 150-1, 155-6; Hegel 135; ideal 152, 153; infinite 152; late 151; self-expression 431; subjectivity 151-2, 156-7 Rome, academies of art 59, 91, 106 Rorty, Richard 371 Rosa, Salvator 117,120 524 Index Rosen, Stanley 378n. 5 Rosenberg I larnld 223, 249, 313, 333 Rossi, S. 86n. 5 Roth, 1. 427 Rouait, Georges Henri 491 Rousseau, Jean Jacques 154 Rot ai Academy 12, 88, 107-8, 116 Rubens, Peter Paul 92, 96, 100, 483 Rubin, William 397-8 Runge, Philipp Otto 152-3 Ruscha, Ld 248 Ruskin, John 470 Russell, H. 499 Russian avant-garde 175, 224-5 Russian formalism 224 Russian Orthodox Church 421 Russian Revolution 219, 270, 275 Said, 11. W. 236, 240 St-l)enis, Abbot 35-6 St Luke, Guild of 151 Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de 180 Saint-Simon, Henri de 215, 216-17 Salon des Refusés 256 Salviati, Francesco 57 Sandy well, Harry 372 Sanouillet, Michel 258 Sargent, John Singer 296 Sartre, J .-P. 340, 371 Saussure, Ferdinand de 328, 332, 352-3, 371-2, 478-9 scepticism 140 Schäfer, I leinrich 433 Scbapiro, Meyer 281, 331 Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von 151, 152 schemata 145, 147, 431 Schiavone 78 Schlegel, August Wilhelm 151, 152, 153, 155 Schlegel, Friedrich 151 Schleierniacher, F F. I). 154-5, 437-8 Sehnaase, Karl 470 Schnabel, Julian 17 Scholasticism 36—7, 45 Schönberg, Arnold 364 Schopenhauer, Arthur 185 Schubert, Franz Peter 151 Schum, Gern 318-19 Schumann, Robert 151 Schwarz, Arturo 245, 246, 247 Schwitten, Kurt 245 science/art 19,474 Scipio 83 scripto-visual works of art 384 sculptors 69, 99-100, 173 sculpture 64-6; Alberti 72n. 4; beauty 25-6; in churches 33; female body 69-70; Greek 135; Italian 64—8; lifelikeness 44; Minimalism 356-7; Modern Art 321, 398, 400-1; painting 58, 63-5; Plotinus 43; polychrome 52; Seneca 24; sexual desire 66, 70; Steinbach 350; tactility 61-2,68-9, 70-1 Searle, John R. 338 Sebastiano Del Piombo 52 Sechenov, Ivan 260 secularism 58 Sedlmayr, Hans 140, 426 seeing/knowing 390-1 self 295,298,346-7 self-consciousness 134, 234, 239, 299, 479 self-criticism 80-1, 321, 322-3 self-discipline 76, 77, 80, 346 self-expression 431 self-objectification 81,83-4 self-portraits 390 self-regulation 91, 163, 166 self-surveillance 346 self-understanding 3-4, 134 semiotics: Barthes xvii, 327; Cubism 331; language 371-2; Marxism 282; painting 174; Peirce xvii, 303, 305-6, 312—13; visualitv 312 Seneca 24 sensation theory 209 Serenus, Bishop of Marseilles 50 Seurat, Georges Pierre 17,218 sex/gender 380 sexuality: Apollonian rapture 189; desire 66, 70; difference 192; Nietzsche 187, 192; power 343—1 shadows 417 Shalina, I. 421 Shange, Ntozake 387 Shelley, P. B. 218, 219 Shiff, Richard 62, 64, 226, 241-2n. 3, 313, 314 Siegelaub, Seth 322 Siena cathedral 38 sight: see vision Signac, Paul 217, 218, 483 signified/signifier 329, 353 525 Index signs 315n. 2; communicative 171n. 3; icon 303, 308-9, 310, 311, 312, 428; indexes 303, 309, 312, 313-14; iterability 482; language 305; marks 334; meaning 478-9; medieval times xvii; relations 330; Saussure 352; self-consciousness 479; symbols 303, 308-9 silhouettes 413 Silk, M. S. 185 Silverman, H. J. 239 simile 462,464 Simonides 176-7 singularity 162 sister arts doctrine 108, 176-7 skenographia 1 sketchbooks 82, 109 sketching 112,117 skill 7, 24, 25, 27, 145 sneezing reflex 260 Snyder, Joel 313,338 Soane, Sir John 108 social control 342-3 social history of art 281,282-3 socialism 278; avant-garde 216; and capitalism 221; Utopian 215, 216 Socialist Realism 217, 223 society: art 473—4, 478; roles 432-3; works of art 432 Socrates 184, 346 Solomon, A. R. 230 Sontag, Susan 329-30 soul 26; Alberti 15; body 26,41-3,84; cosmos 43-4; intellect 41-2; istoria 15; Plotinus 41 Soviet cinema 224-5 Spain 51, 52 spatial systems: icon painting 421, 422; pictures 411-12 spectators 16, 454; contemporary 112; Duchamp 258-9; Foucault 388; gender 391; Hegel 455; model 338; Renaissance 58; see also beholders Spencer, J. R. 8, 15n. 1, 415 Spero, Nancy 296 Spinoza, B. 373 sprezzatura (ease) 56-7 Staël, A.-L.-G. Necker de 154-5 Stafford, Barbara Maria 371 stained glass 35 Stalinism 223, 225, 269 state: Marx 274-5; power 276-7 state socialism 267 statuettes 68 Stedelijk Museum 319 Steinbach, Haim 350, 356, 357 Steiner, George 438 Stella, Frank Philip 321,354 Sterbak, Jana 389 Stern, J. P. 185 Stieglitz, Alfred 261 still-life 210,429 stimulants, artificial 157 Stoicism 6-7, 43, 63 Stokes, Adrian: Cezanne 201-2, 203, 205-6, 210-11; colour 203-4; Colour and Form 201-2, 203; description 205-8; efflorescence 204, 205-6; form/content 202-3; 'Form in Art' 204; The Invitation in Art 204-5; language 208; projection 206-7; psychoanalysis 196, 201-5, 203, 205; Wollheim 196, 202, 203; works of art 202, 203, 208-11 Storm and Stress movement 150 Stourhead landscape 121 Structuralism 328, 330-1 style 110-11; acquisition 56; art history 146; corruption 191; form 190; hierarchy 110-11; language 461; Lyotard 367-8; as metaphor 142; Nietzsche 189-90, 191, 194n. 3; Renaissance art 55; Western art history 146 subject matter 96,116,153,427-8 subjectivity: Bakhtin 298; colonialism 392; embodied 389-90; experience 156-7; female 384, 389-90, 406; Foucault 345; gendered 406; nomadic 380; objecthood 454, 455; performativity 393-4; perspective 62; pictorial 164; reification 280; Romanticism 151-2, 156-7 sublimation: Bourgeois 400; Freud 187; Nietzsche 186, 187, 189, 192 sublime: Abstract Expressionism 360-1; aesthetics 362; avant-garde 364—8; beauty 116, 122, 123; innovation 365-6, 366; Kant 122, 123, 127-8, 137n. 3, 362, 363; Longinus 92; Lyotard 361, 362-3; Modern/Postmodern 366; The Voice 360-1 subtractive method, Danto 498-9, 500, 501 subversion in art 175, 244, 245-6, 247, 343, 371 526 Index Suger, Abbot 35-6 Sulieman, S. 450 Suiter, Maud 387 Summers, David 62, 63 Sunday Circle of Budapest 281 Surrealism 62, 478; Bourgeois 400-1, 405; Freud 431; subversion 371 surveillance 349 Sylvester, David 196 Symbolism: animals 33-4; blue flower 152; colour 421; Mallarmé 181; Morice 179; numbers 33; periodicals 178; perspective 13; poetry 152; universal analogy 34 symbols: relations 330; signs 303, 308; verbal 311; visual 33-4, 304 syncretism 46 Synnott, Anthony 62 syntagmatic relations 330 tactilitv: art history 61-2; Kroeber 72n. 5; painting 61-2, 63, 65, 69; sculpture 61-2, 68-9, 70-1; sexual desire 66; tradition 62-4; Wölfflin 61; see also touch Tagg, J. 3 49 Taine, H. 209, 210 talent 7, 108 taste: Duchamp 246, 251, 255, 258; judgement 128-9, 130; patrons 433; universality 128-9 Taylor, Brook 416 Taylor, Charles 439 techne (skill) 24, 25, 27 Tel Quel group 175, 328 teleology 137n. 2, 145 Testelin, Henri 97, 99 texts: Conceptual Art 320-1, 323-4, 325; image 375, 449; imagination 452 theme 160 theology 422 theoria/iheoros 441 theory xvii, 295; academic 89-93; art 1, 85, 88-9; atmosphere of xviii, 492; feminism 380—1; fine arts 101; Ghiberti 64-6; practice 4, 89, 90, 105; praxis 392; proportion 108; works of art 355 Third World Art 282 Thompson, E. I'. 267 Thoré, Théophile 161-2 Thoré-Bürger, T. 161-2 thought (noiesis) 20 three-dimensional art 318,321 Tibaldi, Pellegrino 56 Tickner, L. 349 Tieck, Johann 151,152-3,153 Tintoretto 78,470 Titian 17, 107; colour 56, 69-70; Portrait of facopo Strada 66, 67, 69 titles 173-4, 365 Tolstoy, Leo 299 Tompkins, Jane 450 tonality 121,416-17 Tono, Y. 230 totalitarianism 221 touch: artistic 160-1; body 406; collectors of sculpture 66, 68-9; Ficino 62; Ghiberti 64-6; medieval times 62; Merleau-Ponty 70; Michelangelo 64; Molyneux's problem 63; Neoplatonism 62; Plato 62; power 72n. 5; sculpture 68-9; talismanic/devotional 66, 68-9; truth 68-9; vision 62, 63, 69; see also tactilitv tourism 117-18, 119 tradition 5, 62-4, 477-8 tragedy 184-6, 187 transcendentalism 31, 44, 143, 362 transformation: art 441-2; artists 374-5; hermeneutics 441-2; perspective 418; topological 413 Trauerspiel: Germany 287-8 Trent, Council of 51, 113 Tribolo, Niccolô 69 Trotsky, Leon 221, 223, 224 truth: art 68-9; Cartesian 372; Kant 128; power 346; touch 68-9 Tsubaki, Noboru 298 Tupitsyn, Victor 300 Turner, J. M. W. 108, 121, 362, 463-4 twelfth-century Renaissance 34-6 Twombly, Cv 333-4 tvpographic innovation 288 Tzara, Tristan 245 Udine, Giovanni da 57 ugliness 46-7 unconscious 200, 201 unemployment 79, 85-6n. 3 unfinalizability, Bakhtin 300 United States: abstract art 17; feminist art theory 383, 386-7; pragmatists 501 527 Index ut picturei poesis (Horace) 92, 98, 108, 176-7 Utopian socialism 215, 216 utterance 443-4 Vaga, Perino del 57 Van der Meulen, Johannes 51 Van Gogh, Vincent 313; expression 170; Greenberg 169-70; Heidegger 337; patterns/marks 168-9; Potato Eaters 491 Vanbrugh, Sir John 119-20 vanishing point 9 vantage point 9 Varchi, Benedetto 49, 69 Vasari, Giorgio: disegno 54-5; Florence's art academy 89-90; genius 7; grace 58; illusion 145; Lives of the Artists 47, 49, 111; painters 77; paragorte debate 58; technical aspects 58-9; working methods 78 Vattimo, Gianni 439 Velasquez, Diego de Silva y 337, 338-40 Veneziano, Agostino 69 Venice, Aldine Academy 106 verba/ res 111 Das Verborgene Museum 386 verisimilitude: see Realism Veronese 107 Verspohl, Franz-Joachim 282 vertical/horizontal surfaces 287, 314-15 Vickers, B. 110 Victor, Saint 34-5 Victorines 34-5 viewpoint 9, 62, 421 Villard de Honnecourt 37 Virgil 121 vision: Aristotle 62, 63; Augustine 62, 63; desire 63; intellectualism 329; memory 62, 63; mythology 62-3; Plato 63; stimulants 157; touch 62,63,69 visual arts: Bakhtin 295-300; Deleuze 371; developments 30; gender 392; idea 324; Islam 31; Judaism 31; meaning 431-2; Poststructuralism 370 visual perception 411-12 visuality: culture 328, 428; metaphor 63; Peirce 304-6,312; phenomenology 452; semiotics 312; symbolism 33-4; and verbal 324 visualization 54-5, 112, 113, 159 Vitruvius 29, 32-3, 108 voice/body 387 Voltaire 63 Wackenroder, Wilhelm Heinrich 151, 153 Wagner, Richard 153, 191 Wallace, Michelle 391 Wallach, Alan 281, 283 Waltz, D. 417 Warburg, Aby 136-7, 140, 142, 282, 426, 433, 472 Warburg Institute 140, 427 Ward, Martha 227 Ware, Timothy 422, 423 Warhol, Andy xviii; Brillo boxes 491,493, 498, 499, 500; Foucault 342 Warnke, Martin 281-2, 472, 473 Watson, John B. 259 Wazbinski, Z. 104 Weber, Carl 151 Weems, Carrie Mae 393 Weiner, Lawrence 322, 323 Weintraub, Linda 487 Weitz, Morris 487 Welbv, Lady 305, 306, 312, 315n. 2 Werckmeister, O. K. 282, 473 Wessely, Anna 282 Western culture: art history 146, 282; art theory xvi-xvii; naturalism 430; ocularcentrism 62; style 146 Wharton, Thomas 117 Whistler, James 296 White, J. 411 Whitfield, S. 341-2 Whitney Museum 349 Widdiefield, Stacie 282 Wileński, R. H. 218-19 Wilhelm II 472 Wilkins, John 305 Will/Representation 185-6 will to power, Nietzsche 186-7, 373, 440 Willats, J. 429 William of Moerbeke 36 Williams, R. 268, 271 Willis, Peter 120 Wimsatt, W. M. 229-30 Winckelmann, J. J. 47, 98-9, 140, 143, 184, 469 Wind, E. 44 Winnicott, Donald W. 203, 334 Wittgenstein, Ludwig: description 197-9, 210, 212; explanation 210; Frazer 196; Freud 197, 199-200; games 487-8; 528 Index intentionality 238, 241n. 2; justification 501; language 197-9, 207-8, 495; Lyotard 363; meaning 239; Philosophical Investigations 197; psychoanalysis 199-201; Ricoeur 439; Tractatus 197, 198, 212n. 1, 499 Wodiczko, Krzysztof 346 Wölfflin, Heinrich 282, 426, 470-2; Formalism 288, 468, 472; Hegel 136-7, 144; interdisciplinarity 472; perspective 411; The Principles of Art History 472; tactility 61 Wollheim, Richard: classification of art 497; intentionality 229, 230, 231, 237; readymades 253-4; Stokes 196, 202, 203; works of art 230, 232, 235 women artists: black 387-8; cultural agency 394; own bodies 390 Women Artists 1550-1950 385 Wood, Christopher S. 61 Wood, Paul 280 word: image 286-7, 290, 342, 371, 453; meaning 352-3\ res/verba 111 working class 274, 279 works of art: art theory 440; Bakhtin 297-8; Benjamin 287-8; content 133; context 2; creativity 459; culture 431; Dickie 489, 500; enigmatic quality 442-3; experience 210, 355-7; expression of experience 199; Hegel 134; hermeneutics 436, 442; historicity 136-7, 452-3, 477-8; ideology 277; improvisation 235-6; institutional theory 502; institutions 497; intentionality 231-2; interpretation 442; Kant 133; Marx 271-2; meaning 445; Merleau- Ponty 477-8; metaphor 461-2; nominalism 494; reception aesthetics 449-50; scripto-visual 384; self-consciousness 234; self-sufficiency 233; society 432; Stokes 202,203,208-11; theory 355; titles 365; tradition 477-8; Wollheim 230, 232, 235 world view 438 W r i g h t , E . D . R . I l l writing: artists 49, 176, 350; practice 176; rhetoric 109-10 Wye, Deborah 401 Wye valley 117,118,119 Xenophon 23, 25, 26 Zegher, Catherine de 394 Zeno 270 Zerner, Henri 69, 71 Zeuxis 145; Cicero 25, 43; goddess painting 25; grapes painting 99; Helen of Troy 56, 99 Ziff, Paul 503n. 1 Zola, E. 164, 213n. 5 Zuccaro, Federico 55, 57, 90, 91, 105 Zwijnenberg, L. 109 Zwingli, Ulrich 50 529 |
